ArticleBMC women's health2009
Dietary fat intake and gestational weight gain in relation to estradiol and progesterone plasma levels during pregnancy: a longitudinal study in Swedish women.
Article in BMC women's health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal excessive gestational weight gain as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Proportions and concentrations of serum n-3 fatty acids can be increased by dietary counseling during pregnancy.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2013Trial
- Mapping of Determinants of Urinary Sex Steroid Metabolites During Late Pregnancy: Results from Two Spanish Cohorts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Patterns of peri-gestational weight change among women living with HIV in Nigeria receiving dolutegravir compared to alternative antiretroviral regimens: a retrospective cohort study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity using progesterone and androgen receptors-mediated transactivation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The pathophysiological role of estrogens in the initial stages of pregnancy: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for pregnancy outcome from the periconceptional period to end of the first trimester.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
- Disgust sensitivity in early pregnancy as a response to high pathogen risk.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Lipedema: Insights into Morphology, Pathophysiology, and Challenges.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Identifying windows of susceptibility to endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to gestational weight gain among pregnant women attending a fertility clinic.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Gestational age-specific normative values and determinants of serum progesterone through the first trimester of pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Searching beyond the Lamppost to Reduce Breast Cancer Disparities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Prenatal Hormone Milieu in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Maternal bisphenol and phthalate urine concentrations and weight gain during pregnancy.Environment international · 2020Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Maternal Circulating Hormones and Gestational Weight Gain in Women Without Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of women's health · 2020Article
- Circulating maternal and umbilical cord steroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor concentrations in twin and singleton pregnancies.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2019Article
- Body size from birth through adolescence in relation to risk of benign breast disease in young women.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Article
- Effects of In Utero Exposure to Ethinyl Estradiol on Tamoxifen Resistance and Breast Cancer Recurrence in a Preclinical Model.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2017Article
- The early infant gut microbiome varies in association with a maternal high-fat diet.Genome medicine · 2016Article
- Food intake and gestational weight gain in Swedish women.SpringerPlus · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElevated pregnancy hormone levels, such as oestrogen and progesterone, may increase the risk of developing breast cancer both in mothers and offspring. However, the reasons for large inter-individual variations in estrogen and progesterone levels during pregnancy remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether a) intakes of total dietary fat, types of fat (monounsaturated: MUFA, polyunsaturated: n-3 and n-6 PUFA, and saturated) and b) gestational weight gain are associated with estradiol and progesterone levels in plasma during pregnancy.
methodsWe measured body weight as well as estradiol and progesterone in plasma among 226 healthy pregnant Swedish women on gestation weeks 12, 25 and 33. At the same time points, dietary intake of total fat and types of fat (MUFA, PUFA, SFA, n-3 and n-6 PUFA) were estimated using 3-day food diaries.
resultsA large variation in estradiol and progesterone levels was evident.Nulliparous women had 37%, 12% and 30% higher mean estradiol levels on gestation weeks 12, 25 and 33 compared to parous women (P = 0.008). No associations were found between dietary intake of total fat or fat subtypes (including n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA) and plasma estradiol or progesterone levels. Gestational weight gain was associated with progesterone levels (P = 0.03) but the effect was very small (20% increase in progesterone levels between gestational weeks 12 and 33 per kg body weight/week).
conclusionNo associations among gestational weight gain, maternal dietary fat intake (total or subtypes including n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA) and plasma estradiol levels were found. However, pregnancy progesterone levels correlated with weight gain during pregnancy. Identification of other possible determinants of pregnancy estradiol and progesterone levels, important for the development of breast cancer in both mothers and offspring, are needed.
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