ReviewSeminars in reproductive medicine2009
Mechanisms of action of estrogen in the brain: insights from human neuroimaging and psychopharmacologic studies.
Review in Seminars in reproductive medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Significant Increase in Depression in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Cognitive complaints are associated with smaller right medial temporal gray-matter volume in younger postmenopausal women.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Cerebrovascular reactivity across the menstrual cycle in young healthy women.The neuroradiology journal · 2013Trial
- Association Between Hormone Therapy and Health-Related Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Using 2005-2009 KNHANES Data.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Migraine and menopause as converging factors in brain vulnerability: a hypothesis-driven perspective.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Menstrual Disorders Are Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among Women of Reproductive Age: Findings From the Korean Women's Health Survey for Sexual and Reproductive Health.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Women's reproductive mental health: currently available evidence and future directions for research, clinical practice and health policy.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- The role of oestrogen therapy in reducing risk of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review.BJPsych open · 2023Review
- Review
- Effects of tamoxifen and exemestane on cognitive function in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2023Article
- Estradiol treatment in young postmenopausal women with self-reported cognitive complaints: Effects on cholinergic-mediated cognitive performance.Human psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Sex is a defining feature of neuroimaging phenotypes in major brain disorders.Human brain mapping · 2022Review
- Article
- Sex influences the brain functional connectivity correlates of originality.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Adiposity-related insulin resistance and thickness of the cerebral cortex in middle-aged adults.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2020Article
- Dysmenorrhea increased the risk of postpartum depression in Chinese Han parturients.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences in stress-related disorders: Effects of neuroactive steroids on the hippocampus.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2019Review
- Possible Existence of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Hippocampal (HPH) Axis: A Reciprocal Relationship Between Hippocampal Specific Neuroestradiol Synthesis and Neuroblastosis in Ageing Brains with Special Reference to Menopause and Neurocognitive Disorders.Neurochemical research · 2019Review
- Estrogen, Stress, and Depression: Cognitive and Biological Interactions.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2019Review
- Estrogen enhances hippocampal gray-matter volume in young and older postmenopausal women: a prospective dose-response study.Neurobiology of aging · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Use of estrogen therapy in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods has been shown in several clinical trials to help women maintain a premenopausal level of cognitive function. What is not yet fully understood is how the neurobiological effects of estrogen contribute to these cognitive effects. This review explores data from two related bodies of human literature that provide compelling evidence in support of the biological plausibility that estrogen treatment can benefit cognition. The first half of the literature review focuses on studies from the estrogen neuroimaging literature, and the second half focuses on pharmacologic challenge studies assessing estrogen-neurotransmitter interactions. We integrate these two bodies of literature by focusing on the neurophysiologic underpinnings of estrogen effects on cognition and linking these clinical studies to preclinical studies. The focus on verbal memory is important because it is a cognitive function that has been shown to change with estrogen treatment and predict Alzheimer's disease risk but is not addressed by preclinical studies. Overall, we conclude that estrogen interacts with cholinergic and serotonergic systems to affect hippocampal and frontal cortical brain areas and thereby enhance memory, particularly at the retrieval stage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.