ReviewSeminars in reproductive medicine2009
Estradiol is a potent protective, restorative, and trophic factor after brain injury.
Review in Seminars in reproductive medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mechanisms of estrogens' dose-dependent neuroprotective and neurodamaging effects in experimental models of cerebral ischemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2011Pooled it
- Combination Therapy of Estrogen and Progesterone Attenuates Behavioral Impairments and Autophagy via circLrp1b/miR-27a-3p/Dram2 Pathway After Traumatic Brain Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The effects of estradiol on subcortical brain volumes in perimenopausal-onset depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Recombinant GDF11 Promotes Recovery in a Rat Permanent Ischemia Model of Subacute Stroke.Stroke · 2025Article
- β-estradiol alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats through the GPER1-mediated AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- The Role of Inhaled Estradiol and Myrtenol, Alone and in Combination, in Modulating Behavioral and Functional Outcomes Following Traumatic Experimental Brain Injury: Hemodynamic, Molecular, Histological and Behavioral Study.Neurocritical care · 2023Article
- Potential Regulation of miRNA-29 and miRNA-9 by Estrogens in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Insightful Perspective.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- The effects of peripheral hormone responses to exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Estrogen modulates the skeletal muscle regeneration process and myotube morphogenesis: morphological analysis in mice with a low estrogen status.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- A Pro-social Pill? The Potential of Pharmacological Treatments to Improve Social Outcomes After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Modeling of Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Cerebellar contribution to the cognitive alterations in SCA1: evidence from mouse models.Human molecular genetics · 2020Article
- The Effect of Candesartan Alone and Its Combination With Estrogen on Post-traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Female Rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Sex Steroids and Adult Neurogenesis in the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- Estrogens as neuroprotectants: Estrogenic actions in the context of cognitive aging and brain injury.Progress in neurobiology · 2017Review
- A comparison of sex steroid concentration levels in the vitreous and serum of patients with vitreoretinal diseases.PloS one · 2017Article
- Centrally Synthesized Estradiol Is a Potent Anti-Inflammatory in the Injured Zebra Finch Brain.Endocrinology · 2016Article
- STX, a Novel Membrane Estrogen Receptor Ligand, Protects Against Amyloid-β Toxicity.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2016Article
- Sex differences in cell genesis, hippocampal volume and behavioral outcomes in a rat model of neonatal HI.Experimental neurology · 2016Article
- Plasma Estrogen Levels Are Associated With Severity of Injury and Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Biological research for nursing · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogens are a group of pleiotropic steroid hormones that exhibit diverse mechanisms of action in multiple physiologic systems. Over the past 30 years, biomedical science has begun to appreciate that endogenous estrogens and their receptors display important roles beyond the reproductive system. Our growing appreciation of novel, nonreproductive functions for estrogens has fundamentally contributed to our knowledge of their role in human health and disease. Recent findings from the Women's Health Initiative have caused clinicians and scientists to question whether estrogens are protective factors or risk factors. In light of the dichotomy between basic science and clinical studies, this review will attempt to reconcile differences between them. We will focus on studies from our laboratory and others highlighting the beneficial properties of the most abundant endogenous estrogen, 17beta-estradiol, using in vivo and in vitro models of cerebral ischemia and neuronal injury. These studies demonstrate that 17beta-estradiol powerfully protects the brain using multiple molecular mechanisms that promote: (1) decreased cell death, (2) increased neurogenesis, (3) an enhancement of neurotrophic support, and (4) the suppression of proinflammatory pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.