Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19401813›Full record

ArticleEndocrine pathology2009

Expression of p18(INK4C) is down-regulated in human pituitary adenomas.

M Golam Hossain, Takeo Iwata, Noriko Mizusawa, Zhi Rong Qian, Shahidan Wan Nazatul Shima, Toru Okutsu, Shozo Yamada, Toshiaki Sano, Katsuhiko Yoshimoto

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine pathology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. DNA Methylation in Pituitary Adenomas: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. The hallmarks of cancer… in pituitary tumors?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The Epigenomics of Pituitary Adenoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019
    Review
  12. MEN4 andEndocrine-related cancer · 2017
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Pathogenesis of pituitary tumors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2011
    Review
  17. Familial isolated pituitary adenomas: from genetics to therapy.Clinical and translational science · 2011
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

M Golam HossainDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Takeo Iwata
Noriko Mizusawa
Zhi Rong Qian
Shahidan Wan Nazatul Shima
Toru Okutsu
Shozo Yamada
Toshiaki Sano
Katsuhiko Yoshimoto
Tokushima University · JPToranomon Hospital · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors represented by the INK4 family comprising p16(INK4A), p15(INK4B), p18(INK4C), and p19(INK4D) are regulators of the cell cycle shown to be aberrant in many types of cancer. Mice lacking p18(Ink4c) exhibit a series of phenotypes including the development of widespread organomegaly and pituitary adenomas. The objective of our study is to examine the role of p18(INK4C) in the pathogenesis of human pituitary tumors. The protein and mRNA levels of p18(INK4C) were examined by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The methylation status of the p18(INK4C) gene promoter and somatic mutations of the p18(INK4C) gene were also investigated. p18(INK4C) protein expression was lost or significantly reduced in 64% of pituitary adenomas compared with levels in normal pituitary glands. p18(INK4C) mRNA levels were low in all ACTH adenomas and non-functioning (NF)-FSH and in 42%, 70% and 66% of GH, PRL, and subtype 3 adenomas, respectively. p18(INK4C) mRNA levels were significantly associated with p18(INK4C) protein levels. Neither methylated promoters in pituitary adenomas, except in one NF-FSH adenoma, nor somatic mutations of the p18(INK4C) gene in any pituitary adenomas were detected. The down-regulation of p18(INK4C) expression may contribute to the tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticAdenomaAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18DNA MethylationDown-RegulationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMutationPituitary NeoplasmsRNA, MessengerCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18RNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID19401813
OpenAlexW2082674152

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.