ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2009
Intact extracellular matrix and the maintenance of immune tolerance: high molecular weight hyaluronan promotes persistence of induced CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyaluronic acid is associated with organ dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome.Critical care (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling from decidual stromal cells orchestrates dNK1 differentiation and immune tolerance in early pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hyaluronic Acid in Liver Fibrosis: Role in Inflammation, Tissue Remodeling, and Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biomechanics of the tumor extracellular matrix and regulatory T cells: regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Hyaluronan Accumulates in Inflamed Lymph Nodes and Promotes B-Cell Activation.Proteoglycan research · 2025Article
- Mechanical forces in the tumor microenvironment: roles, pathways, and therapeutic approaches.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory biomaterials for treating chronic inflammation at mucosal sites.npj biomedical innovations · 2025Review
- Breaking barriers: enhancing CAR-armored T cell therapy for solid tumors through microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Compressive stresses in cancer: characterization and implications for tumour progression and treatment.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Role of Hyaluronic acid and its chemical derivatives in immunity during homeostasis, cancer and tissue regeneration.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Toward innovative approaches for exploring the mechanically regulated tumor-immune microenvironment.APL bioengineering · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between T lymphocyte and extracellular matrix in tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Altered extracellular matrix correlates with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and disease progression in younger adults with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Characterization of the Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Niche.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- The extracellular matrix in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerability.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Review
- Harnessing the synergy of perfusable muscle flap matrix and adipose-derived stem cells for prevascularization and macrophage polarization to reconstruct volumetric muscle loss.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Probiotic-based nanoparticles for targeted microbiota modulation and immune restoration in bacterial pneumonia.National science review · 2023Article
- Hyaluronan in the pathogenesis of acute and post-acute COVID-19 infection.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Review
- Targeted mechanical forces enhance the effects of tumor immunotherapy by regulating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution.
Funding
Abstract
The composition of the ECM provides contextual cues to leukocytes in inflamed and healing tissues. One example of this is HA, where LMW-HA, generated during active inflammation, is a TLR ligand and an endogenous "danger signal," and HMW-HA, predominant in healing or intact tissues, functions in an inverse manner. Our data suggest that HMW-HA actively promotes immune tolerance by augmenting CD4+CD25+ T(Reg) function, and LMW-HA does not. Using a human iT(Reg) model, we demonstrate that HMW-HA but not LMW-HA provides a costimulatory signal through cross-linking CD44 which promotes Foxp3 expression, a critical signaling molecule associated with T(Reg). This effect, in part, may be mediated by a role for intact HMW-HA in IL-2 production, as T(Reg) are highly IL-2-dependent for their survival and function. We propose that HMW-HA contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis in uninjured tissue and effectively communicates an "all-clear" signal to down-regulate the adaptive immune system through T(Reg) after tissue matrix integrity has been restored.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.