Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19399555›Full record

ReviewDysphagia2009

Brain stem control of the phases of swallowing.

Ivan M Lang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Dysphagia, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
89citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

89 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. The pharyngeal phase of swallowing controls deglutitive inhibition.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ivan M LangDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dysphagia Institute Animal Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. imlang@mcw.edu
Medical College of Wisconsin · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The phases of swallowing are controlled by central pattern-generating circuitry of the brain stem and peripheral reflexes. The oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing are independent of each other. Although central pattern generators of the brain stem control the timing of these phases, the peripheral manifestation of these phases depends on sensory feedback through reflexes of the pharynx and esophagus. The dependence of the esophageal phase of swallowing on peripheral feedback explains its absence during failed swallows. Reflexes that initiate the pharyngeal phase of swallowing also inhibit the esophageal phase which ensures the appropriate timing of its occurrence to provide efficient bolus transport and which prevents the occurrence of multiple esophageal peristaltic events. These inhibitory reflexes are probably partly responsible for deglutitive inhibition. Three separate sets of brain stem nuclei mediate the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing. The trigeminal nucleus and reticular formation probably contain the oral phase pattern-generating neural circuitry. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) probably contains the second-order sensory neurons as well as the pattern-generating circuitry of both the pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing, whereas the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus contain the motor neurons of the pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing. The ventromedial nucleus of the NTS may govern the coupling of the pharyngeal phase to the esophageal phase of swallowing.

Indexed as

Brain StemDeglutitionDeglutition DisordersElectromyographyEsophagusHumansManometryOropharynxPeristalsis

Identifiers

PMID19399555
OpenAlexW2114158234

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.