ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2009
Trans fatty acids: effects on metabolic syndrome, heart disease and diabetes.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Western Dietary Patterns, Foods, and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2019Guideline
- Genetic loci associated with circulating phospholipid trans fatty acids: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from the CHARGE Consortium.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Pooled it
- Effects of trans fatty acids on glucose homeostasis: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Pooled it
- Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men.The New England journal of medicine · 2011Pooled it
- Trial
- The Gut-brain-adipose Axis in Ultra-processed Food and Obesity: A Mechanistic Synthesis and Its Implications for Food Classification.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- [Ecological analysis of the association between dietary factors and thyroid carcinoma incidence based on GBD 2021 data].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic risk: from evidence to policy.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Therapeutic Inertia in Type 2 Diabetes in Indian Primary Care: A Scoping Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Chemical Changes in Deep-Fat Frying: Reaction Mechanisms, Oil Degradation, and Health Implications.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Elaidic acid drives cellular senescence and inflammation via lipid raft-mediated IL-1R signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- Photoenzymatic Decarboxylation to Produce Hydrocarbon Fuels: A Critical Review.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Food Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds for Managing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Investigation of the causal relationship of saturated fat acids on heart stroke: evidence from two-sample Mendelian randomization.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations of Vegetable and Potato Intakes With Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the AusDiab Cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Adherence to diabetes risk reduction diet is associated with metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight or obesity.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors in Norwegian Trauma-Exposed Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Comparison with Blood Donors.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Costa Rica's trans-fat ban impact on cardiovascular disease: a macrosimulation study.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2025Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The major dietary sources of trans fatty acids (TFAs) in most countries are partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. TFA consumption is a modifiable dietary risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. Here, we review the available data on various effects of TFAs, including metabolic and signaling pathways that mediate these effects, affected tissues, and relationships with clinical end points. TFA consumption causes metabolic dysfunction: it adversely affects circulating lipid levels, triggers systemic inflammation, induces endothelial dysfunction, and, according to some studies, increases visceral adiposity, body weight, and insulin resistance. Dietary TFAs influence the function of multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. Among dietary fats and nutrients, TFAs seem to have a unique cardiometabolic imprint that is linked to insulin-resistance and metabolic-syndrome pathways. Consistent with these adverse physiological effects, consumption of even small amounts of TFAs (2% of total energy intake) is consistently associated with a markedly increased incidence of coronary heart disease. Relationships between TFA consumption and diabetes mellitus have been less consistent, possibly owing to differences in study designs. Nevertheless, the documented adverse effects of TFAs underscore their potential to cause harm and the importance of policy measures to minimize consumption of industrially produced TFAs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.