ArticleClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2009
IL-12 delivered intratumorally by multilamellar liposomes reactivates memory T cells in human tumor microenvironments.
Article in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Liposomal Interleukin and Liposomal Interleukin Gene Therapy for Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Enhanced antitumor efficacy of STING agonist MSA-2 by lipid nanoparticles delivering circular IL-23 mRNA and platinum-modified MSA-2 combination.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Interleukin-12 as an in situ cancer vaccine component: a review.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Review
- A tumor-specific pro-IL-12 activates preexisting cytotoxic T cells to control established tumors.Science immunology · 2022Article
- Novel phosphatidylserine-binding molecule enhances antitumor T-cell responses by targeting immunosuppressive exosomes in human tumor microenvironments.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Preclinical evaluation of cancer immune therapy using patient-derived tumor antigen-specific T cells in a novel xenograft platform.Clinical & translational immunology · 2021Article
- Review
- Localized Interleukin-12 for Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Enhanced efficacy and limited systemic cytokine exposure with membrane-anchored interleukin-12 T-cell therapy in murine tumor models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Development of an Interleukin-12 Fusion Protein That Is Activated by Cleavage with Matrix Metalloproteinase 9.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2019Article
- Killing Mechanisms of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Exosomes Associated with Human Ovarian Tumors Harbor a Reversible Checkpoint of T-cell Responses.Cancer immunology research · 2018Article
- Patient-derived xenografts of low-grade B-cell lymphomas demonstrate roles of the tumor microenvironment.Blood advances · 2017Article
- Characterization of an IL-12 p40/p35 Truncated Fusion Protein That can Inhibit the Action of IL-12.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2015Article
- Regulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production and function in macrophages and dendritic cells.F1000Research · 2015Review
- Enhancing the discovery and development of immunotherapies for cancer using quantitative and systems pharmacology: Interleukin-12 as a case study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2015Review
- Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with chitosan and interleukin-12 to control breast cancer metastasis.Oncoimmunology · 2014Article
- Adjuvant cationic liposomes presenting MPL and IL-12 induce cell death, suppress tumor growth, and alter the cellular phenotype of tumors in a murine model of breast cancer.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2014Article
- Particle platforms for cancer immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2013Review
- Memory T cells in the chronic inflammatory microenvironment of nasal polyposis are hyporesponsive to signaling through the T cell receptor.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using a novel loading technique, IL-12 is reported here to be efficiently encapsulated within large multilamellar liposomes. The preclinical efficacy of the cytokine loaded liposomes to deliver IL-12 into human tumors and to reactive tumor-associated T cells in situ is tested using a human tumor xenograft model. IL-12 is released in vivo from these liposomes in a biologically active form when injected into tumor xenografts that are established by the subcutaneous implantation of non-disrupted pieces of human lung, breast or ovarian tumors into immunodeficient mice. The histological architecture of the original tumor tissue, including tumor-associated leukocytes, tumor cells and stromal cells is preserved anatomically and the cells remain functionally responsive to cytokines in these xenografts. The local and sustained release of IL-12 into the tumor microenvironment reactivates tumor-associated quiescent effector memory T cells to proliferate, produce and release IFN-gamma resulting in the killing of tumor cells in situ. Very little IL-12 is detected in the serum of mice for up to 5 days after an intratumoral injection of the IL-12 liposomes. We conclude that IL-12 loaded large multilamellar liposomes provide a safe method for the local and sustained delivery of IL-12 to tumors and a therapeutically effective way of reactivating existing tumor-associated T cells in human solid tumor microenvironments. The potential of this local in situ T cell re-stimulation to induce a systemic anti-tumor immunity is discussed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.