ArticleVirology2009
The origin and global emergence of adamantane resistant A/H3N2 influenza viruses.
Article in Virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of reported reassortant viral lineages of influenza A.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Baloxavir Marboxil Single-dose Treatment in Influenza-infected Children: A Randomized, Double-blind, Active Controlled Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy Trial (miniSTONE-2).The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Trial
- Antiviral Resistance in Influenza: Clinical and Public Health Implications.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Review
- Occurrence of influenza antivirals and resistance development in influenza A viruses in aquatic environments: A risk assessment.PloS one · 2026Article
- Breakthrough infections and incomplete vaccine efficacy drive pathogen immune escape.PloS one · 2026Article
- Status of advanced respiratory syncytial virus antiviral therapeutics 2025.Current opinion in virology · 2025Review
- Strategies and efforts in circumventing the emergence of antiviral resistance against conventional antivirals.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Understanding Influenza.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against influenza A viruses: current insights and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Evolutionary Insights from Association Rule Mining of Co-Occurring Mutations in Influenza Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase.Viruses · 2024Article
- Favipiravir Analogues as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Combined Quantum Chemical Modeling, Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship, and Molecular Docking Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- 4'-Fluorouridine mitigates lethal infection with pandemic human and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Article
- Nonclassical autophagy activation pathways are essential for production of infectious Influenza A virus in vitro.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- Nanopore metagenomic sequencing of influenza virus directly from respiratory samples: diagnosis, drug resistance and nosocomial transmission, United Kingdom, 2018/19 influenza season.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
- Analysis of the Genetic Diversity Associated With the Drug Resistance and Pathogenicity of Influenza A Virus Isolated in Bangladesh From 2002 to 2019.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Beyond clinical trials: Evolutionary and epidemiological considerations for development of a universal influenza vaccine.PLoS pathogens · 2020Review
- Put a cork in it: Plugging the M2 viral ion channel to sink influenza.Antiviral research · 2020Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance to the adamantane class of antiviral drugs by human A/H3N2 influenza viruses currently exceeds 90% in the United States and multiple Asian countries. Adamantane resistance is associated with a single amino acid change (S31N) in the M2 protein, which was shown to rapidly disseminate globally in 2005 in association with a genome reassortment event. However, the exact origin of influenza A/H3N2 viruses carrying the S31N mutation has not been characterized, particularly in South-East Asia. We therefore conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the HA, NA, and M1/2 segments of viral isolates collected between 1997 and 2007 from temperate localities in the Northern hemisphere (New York State, United States, 492 isolates) and Southern hemisphere (New Zealand and Australia, 629 isolates) and a subtropical locality in South-East Asia (Hong Kong, 281 isolates). We find that although the S31N mutation was independently introduced at least 11 times, the vast majority of resistant viruses now circulating globally descend from a single introduction that was first detected in the summer of 2003 in Hong Kong. These resistant viruses were continually detected in Hong Kong throughout 2003-2005, acquired a novel HA through reassortment during the first part of 2005, and thereafter spread globally. The emergence and persistence of adamantane resistant viruses in Hong Kong further supports a source-sink model of global influenza virus ecology, in which South-East Asia experiences continuous viral activity and repeatedly seeds epidemics in temperate areas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.