ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2009
Pharmacological profiles of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists identified using genetically altered mice and isobolographic analysis.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Does dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial adjuvant facilitate better anesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Effects of clonidine on breathing during sleep and susceptibility to central apnoea.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2013Trial
- Lateral septum GABAergic neurons mediate the effects of dexmedetomidine on allodynia and sleep in a male mouse model of neuropathic pain.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Phenylephrine per se or Combined with Pregabalin Ameliorates Mononeuropathic Pain in Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Targeted inactivation of spinal α2 adrenoceptors promotes paradoxical anti-nociception.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Medetomidine.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2024Review
- Centralizing the Knowledge and Interpretation of Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Paradigm Shift towards Brain-Centric Approaches.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Dexmedetomidine Prolongs Lidocaine Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Rats by Blocking the Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Article
- Measuring neuron-regulated immune cell physiology via the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in an ex vivo murine spleen model.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- Rapid Recovery and Short Duration Anesthesia after Low Dose Ketamine and High Dose Dexmedetomidine in Rhesus Macaques (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2021Article
- Role of α2-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Suppression of L-Type CaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Tiletamine/zolazepam and dexmedetomidine with tramadol provide effective general anesthesia in rats.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Clinically relevant concentrations of dexmedetomidine may reduce oxytocin-induced myometrium contractions in pregnant rats.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2020Article
- Dexmedetomidine promotes breast cancer cell migration through Rab11-mediated secretion of exosomal TMPRSS2.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Upregulation of μ-Opioid Receptor in the Rat Spinal Cord Contributes to the α2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Dexmedetomidine-Induced Attenuation of Chronic Morphine Tolerance in Cancer Pain.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
- Spinal αBritish journal of pharmacology · 2019Review
- Antinociceptive Effects of the Antidepressant Phenelzine are Mediated by Context-Dependent Inhibition of Neuronal Responses in the Dorsal Horn.Neuroscience · 2018Article
- The Sedative Effect of Propranolol on Critically Ill Patients: A Case Series.Frontiers in medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous, descending noradrenergic fibers impose analgesic control over spinal afferent circuitry mediating the rostrad transmission of pain signals. These fibers target alpha 2 adrenergic receptors (alpha(2)ARs) on both primary afferent terminals and secondary neurons, and their activation mediates substantial inhibitory control over this transmission, rivaling that of opioid receptors which share a similar pattern of distribution. The terminals of primary afferent nociceptive neurons and secondary spinal dorsal horn neurons express alpha(2A)AR and alpha(2C)AR subtypes, respectively. Spinal delivery of these agents serves to reduce their side effects, which are mediated largely at supraspinal sites, by concentrating the drugs at the spinal level. Targeting these spinal alpha(2)ARs with one of five selective therapeutic agonists, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, brimonidine, ST91 and moxonidine, produces significant antinociception that can work in concert with opioid agonists to yield synergistic antinociception. Application of several genetically altered mouse lines had facilitated identification of the primary receptor subtypes that likely mediate the antinociceptive effects of these agents. This review provides first an anatomical description of the localization of the three subtypes in the central nervous system, second a detailed account of the pharmacological history of each of the six primary agonists, and finally a comprehensive report of the specific interactions of other GPCR agonists with each of the six principal alpha(2)AR agonists featured.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.