ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2009
Drug interactions at the blood-brain barrier: fact or fantasy?
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 and P-glycoprotein activity by antiseizure medications: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Pooled it
- Unanticipated CNS Safety Signal in a Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial of Co-Administered Atovaquone-Proguanil and Amodiaquine.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Effect of P-glycoprotein inhibition at the blood-brain barrier on brain distribution of (R)-[British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Trial
- Research progress on platelets in glioma.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Evidence That a Peptide-Drug/p53 Gene Complex Promotes Cognate Gene Expression and Inhibits the Viability of Glioblastoma Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- ABCG2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to ARV-associated hepatotoxicity.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2024Article
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- Article
- Antibiotics and Lipid-Modifying Agents: Potential Drug-Drug Interactions and Their Clinical Implications.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Comparative analysis ofFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Overcoming the blood-brain barrier for the therapy of malignant brain tumor: current status and prospects of drug delivery approaches.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Prediction Models for Brain Distribution of Drugs Based on Biomimetic Chromatographic Data.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Neurological Disorders: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Therapeutic Success to Date.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Synthesis and Potential Applications of Lipid Nanoparticles in Medicine.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Twofold Role of Osteogenic Small Molecules in Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: Crosstalk of Osteogenesis and Neurogenesis.BioMed research international · 2022Review
- Comparative vulnerability of PET radioligands to partial inhibition of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: A criterion of choice?Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- Bioengineered microfluidic blood-brain barrier models in oncology research.Translational oncology · 2021Review
- Impacts of Drug Interactions on Pharmacokinetics and the Brain Transporters: A Recent Review of Natural Compound-Drug Interactions in Brain Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- ABCB1 and ABCG2 Together Limit the Distribution of ABCB1/ABCG2 Substrates to the Human Retina and theFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Biomimetic Microfluidic Platforms for the Assessment of Breast Cancer Metastasis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the therapeutic and adverse outcomes of drug interactions at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). These include altered efficacy of drugs used in the treatment of CNS disorders, such as AIDS dementia and malignant tumors, and enhanced neurotoxicity of drugs that normally penetrate poorly into the brain. BBB- and BCSFB-mediated interactions are possible because these interfaces are not only passive anatomical barriers, but are also dynamic in that they express a variety of influx and efflux transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes. Based on studies in rodents, it has been widely postulated that efflux transporters play an important role at the human BBB in terms of drug delivery. Furthermore, it is assumed that chemical inhibition of transporters or their genetic ablation in rodents is predictive of the magnitude of interaction to be expected at the human BBB. However, studies in humans challenge this well-established paradigm and claim that such drug interactions will be lesser in magnitude but yet may be clinically significant. This review focuses on current known mechanisms of drug interactions at the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers and the potential impact of such interactions in humans. We also explore whether such drug interactions can be predicted from preclinical studies. Defining the mechanisms and the impact of drug-drug interactions at the BBB is important for improving efficacy of drugs used in the treatment of CNS disorders while minimizing their toxicity as well as minimizing neurotoxicity of non-CNS drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.