Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19392908›Full record

Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2009

Extended treatment of older cigarette smokers.

Sharon M Hall, Gary L Humfleet, Ricardo F Muñoz, Victor I Reus, Julie A Robbins, Judith J Prochaska

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03603340 (Efficacy, Safety and Toxicology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems as an Aid for Smoking Cessation), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03603340 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy, Safety and Toxicology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems as an Aid for Smoking Cessation (ESTxENDS Trial)- the Depression Substudy of ESTxENDS

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of BernRan2018 to 2023Enrolled1,246ConditionsSmoking Cessation, DepressionArmsENDS (vaporizer/e-cig) and smoking cessation counseling, Smoking cessation counseling
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Antidepressants for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
    Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Antidepressants for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Pooled it
  13. Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013
    Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Trial
  16. Cigarette Smoking Cessation Intervention for Buprenorphine Treatment Patients.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018
    Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sharon M HallUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA. shall@lppi.ucsf.edu
Gary L Humfleet
Ricardo F Muñoz
Victor I Reus
Julie A Robbins
Judith J Prochaska

Funding

TREATMENTS FOR COMPLEX PATIENTS IN NEW SETTINGSP50DA009253 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HALL, SHARON M. · 1994 to 2014
$28.2M
Maintaining Nonsmoking: Treatment of Older SmokersR01DA002538 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUMFLEET, GARY L · 1985 to 2013
$5.4M
Treatment of Complex Patients: Emphasis on NicotineK05DA016752 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HALL, SHARON M. · 2003 to 2012
$1.1M
Treating Tobacco Dependence in Inpatient PsychiatryK23DA018691 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PROCHASKA, JUDITH J. · 2005 to 2009
$769k
NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA016752NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA018691NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA009253NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA 09253NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA002538NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA02538
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTobacco dependence treatments achieve abstinence rates of 25-30% at 1 year. Low rates may reflect failure to conceptualize tobacco dependence as a chronic disorder. The aims of the present study were to determine the efficacy of extended cognitive behavioral and pharmacological interventions in smokers > or = 50 years of age, and to determine if gender differences in efficacy existed.

designOpen randomized clinical trial.

settingA free-standing, smoking treatment research clinic.

participantsA total of 402 smokers of > or = 10 cigarettes per day, all 50 years of age or older.

interventionParticipants completed a 12-week treatment that included group counseling, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion. Participants, independent of smoking status, were then assigned randomly to follow-up conditions: (i) standard treatment (ST; no further treatment); (ii) extended NRT (E-NRT; 40 weeks of nicotine gum availability); (iii) extended cognitive behavioral therapy (E-CBT; 11 cognitive behavioral sessions over a 40-week period); or (iv) E-CBT plus E-NRT (E-combined; 11 cognitive behavioral sessions plus 40 weeks nicotine gum availability). MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome variable was 7-day point prevalence cigarette abstinence verified biochemically at weeks 24, 52, 64 and 104.

findingsThe most clinically important findings were significant main effects for treatment condition, time and the treatment x time interaction. The E-CBT condition produced high cigarette abstinence rates that were maintained throughout the 2-year study period [(week 24 (58%), 52 (55%), 64 (55%) and 104 (55%)], and was significantly more effective than E-NRT and ST across that period. No other treatment condition was significantly different to ST. No effects for gender were found.

conclusionsExtended cognitive behavioral treatments can produce high and stable cigarette abstinence rates for both men and women. NRT does not add to the efficacy of extended CBT, and may hamper its efficacy. Research is needed to determine if these results can be replicated in a sample with a greater range of ages, and improved upon with the addition of medications other than NRT.

Indexed as

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyAgedAged, 80 and overBupropionDopamine Uptake InhibitorsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotineProgram EvaluationSmoking CessationTime FactorsTobacco Use DisorderTreatment OutcomeBupropionDopamine Uptake InhibitorsNicotine

Identifiers

PMID19392908
PMCPMC2718733

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.