ArticleNeurotoxicity research2009
Methylene blue provides behavioral and metabolic neuroprotection against optic neuropathy.
Article in Neurotoxicity research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylene blue restores NADJournal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
- Methylene Blue Mitigates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via KEAP1/NRF2/GPX-4/Caspase3 Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Role of Apoptotic Inhibitors in Neurodegeneration and Their Potential Use in Schizophrenia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Methylene blue: a controversial diagnostic acid and medication?Toxicology research · 2022Review
- Adverse effects of methylene blue in peripheral neurons: AnMolecular pain · 2022Article
- Pretreatment with Methylene Blue Protects Against Acute Seizure and Oxidative Stress in a Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus Model.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Article
- Methylene blue can act as an antidote to pesticide poisoning of bumble bee mitochondria.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Methylene Blue Preserves Cytochrome Oxidase Activity and Prevents Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Methylene Blue Prevents Retinal Damage Caused by Perinatal Asphyxia in the Rat.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Methylene Blue Blocks and Reverses the Inhibitory Effect of Tau on PMCA Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Methylene blue elicits non-genotoxic HJournal of applied biomedicine · 2019Article
- Apoptosis inducing factor deficiency causes retinal photoreceptor degeneration. The protective role of the redox compound methylene blue.Redox biology · 2019Article
- Methylene Blue Exerts Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects on Self-Sustaining Status Epilepticus (SSSE) Induced by Prolonged Basolateral Amygdala Stimulation in Wistar Rats.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancers: Methylene blue connects the dots.Progress in neurobiology · 2017Review
- Hypothermia Prevents Retinal Damage Generated by Optic Nerve Trauma in the Rat.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Neuroprotective and Functional Improvement Effects of Methylene Blue in Global Cerebral Ischemia.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Article
- Methylene blue and normobaric hyperoxia combination therapy in experimental ischemic stroke.Brain and behavior · 2016Article
- Repair of traumatic plasmalemmal damage to neurons and other eukaryotic cells.Neural regeneration research · 2016Review
- Effects of extracellular calcium and surgical techniques on restoration of axonal continuity by polyethylene glycol fusion following complete cut or crush severance of rat sciatic nerves.Journal of neuroscience research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a diaminophenothiazine with potent antioxidant and unique redox properties that prevent morphologic degenerative changes in the mouse retina induced by rotenone, a specific mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. This study evaluated pigmented rats to determine whether MB's neuroprotective effects against rotenone-mediated retinal neurotoxicity have functional relevance and whether these effects are mediated by an improvement in neuronal energy metabolism in vivo. Visual function was behaviorally assessed by determining differences in the illuminance sensitivity threshold pre- and post-bilateral intravitreal injection of rotenone (200 microg/kg) or rotenone plus MB (70 microg/kg). Retinal degeneration was morphologically studied using unbiased stereological tools. Changes in histochemically determined cytochrome oxidase activity in the visual pathway were used to evaluate the impact of treatments on neuronal energy metabolism. Rotenone induced a 1.4 log unit increase in the illumination threshold compared to baseline, as well as a 32% decrease in ganglion cell layer cell (GCL) density, and a 56% decrease in GCL layer + nerve fiber layer thickness. Co-administration of MB prevented the changes in visual function and the retinal histopathology. Furthermore, rotenone induced a functional deafferentation of the visual system, as revealed by decreases in the metabolic activity of the retina, superior colliculus, and visual cortex. These metabolic changes were also prevented by MB. The results provided the first demonstration of MB's behavioral and metabolic neuroprotection against optic neuropathy, and implicate MB as a candidate neuroprotective agent with metabolic-enhancing properties that may be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.