Trial reportCancer research2009
Associations between alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol and prostate cancer survival.
Trial report in Cancer research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011Pooled it
- Complementary medicine use by men with prostate cancer: a systematic review of prevalence studies.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2011Pooled it
- Plasma tocopherols and risk of prostate cancer in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2014Trial
- Antioxidant Food Supplementation in Cancer: Lessons from Clinical Trials and Insights from Preclinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disentangling discordant vitamin D associations with prostate cancer incidence and fatality in a large, nested case-control study.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Exploring the potential of tocopherols: mechanisms of action and perspectives in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- GPCR-Gα13 Involvement in Mitochondrial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The association between body height and cancer: a retrospective analysis of 784,192 outpatients in Germany.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Association between Vitamin A and E Forms and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology-A Review-Part II: Carotenoids in the Human Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Carotenoids in Cancer Apoptosis-The RoadCancers · 2020Review
- Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer.BioMed research international · 2020Review
- Vitamins, metabolomics, and prostate cancer.World journal of urology · 2017Article
- Tocopherols in cancer: An update.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2016Review
- Plasma antioxidants, genetic variation in SOD2, CAT, GPX1, GPX4, and prostate cancer survival.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2014Article
- Comparative systems biology reveals allelic variation modulating Tocochromanol profiles in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).PloS one · 2014Article
- Antioxidant vitamins and mineral supplementation, life span expansion and cancer incidence: a critical commentary.European journal of nutrition · 2012Review
- Serum α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol concentrations and prostate cancer risk in the PLCO Screening Trial: a nested case-control study.PloS one · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that carotenoids and tocopherols (vitamin E compounds) may be inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, yet little is known about how they affect prostate cancer progression and survival. We investigated whether serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol concentrations, or the alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene trial supplementation, affected survival of men diagnosed with prostate cancer during the alpha-Tocopherol, beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial testing the effects of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol supplements on cancer incidence in adult male smokers in southwestern Finland (n = 29,133). Prostate cancer survival was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method with deaths from other causes treated as censoring, and using Cox proportional hazards regression models with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for family history of prostate cancer, age at randomization, benign prostatic hyperplasia, age and stage at diagnosis, height, body mass index, and serum cholesterol. As of April 2005, 1,891 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 395 died of their disease. Higher serum alpha-tocopherol at baseline was associated with improved prostate cancer survival (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-1.00), especially among cases who had received the alpha-tocopherol intervention of the trial and who were in the highest quintile of alpha-tocopherol at baseline (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20-0.90) or at the 3-year follow-up measurement (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71). Serum beta-carotene, serum retinol, and supplemental beta-carotene had no apparent effects on survival. These findings suggest that higher alpha-tocopherol (and not beta-carotene or retinol) status increases overall prostate cancer survival. Further investigations, possibly including randomized studies, are needed to confirm this observation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.