ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2009
Pregnancy and breast cancer: when they collide.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of smoking and breast cancer risk: by age of smoking initiation.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Abrupt involution induces inflammation, estrogenic signaling, and hyperplasia linking lack of breastfeeding with increased risk of breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Pooled it
- Analysis of terminal duct lobular unit involution in luminal A and basal breast cancers.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2012Trial
- Assessment of risk factors of breast cancer among women in Dodoma, Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional study.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Postpartum breast cancer as a distinct oncologic entity: linking physiological tissue remodelling to tumor biology and clinical translation.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Review
- Effects of exposure to ethinyl estradiol during pregnancy and lactation on the postinvolution mammary gland.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Observational
- SOX9 and SEMA7A regulate cell plasticity in the postpartum mammary gland with implications for breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impact of timing, age and parity on clinicopathologic and prognostic factors in pregnancy-associated breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Tissue-resident memory T cells reshapeFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multiparametric MRI-Based Prediction Model for Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Integrating Quantitative Imaging Parameters and Reproductive History.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Pregnancy vs. Postpartum Breast Cancer: Distinct Tumor Biology and Survival Trends in a Contemporary Cohort.Cancers · 2025Article
- Impact of Postpartum Diagnosis on Survival of Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: gestational weight gain impact and nomogram validation.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Impact of timing and breastfeeding on postpartum breast cancer diagnostic patterns and outcomes.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Investigating the Prognostic Impact of Postpartum Diagnosis in Women with De Novo Stage IV Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Aging-induced semaphorin 7a promotes TGF-β1-mediated cell plasticity and breast tumor metastases.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Women of childbearing age experience an increased breast cancer risk associated with a completed pregnancy. For younger women, this increase in breast cancer risk is transient and within a decade after parturition a cross over effect results in an ultimate protective benefit. The post-partum peak of increased risk is greater in women with advanced maternal age. Further, their lifetime risk for developing breast cancer remains elevated for many years, with the cross over to protection occurring decades later or not at all. Breast cancers diagnosed during pregnancy and within a number of years post-partum are termed pregnancy-associated or PABC. Contrary to popular belief, PABC is not a rare disease and could affect up to 40,000 women in 2009. The collision between pregnancy and breast cancer puts women in a fear-invoking paradox of their own health, their pregnancy, and the outcomes for both. We propose two distinct subtypes of PABC: breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and breast cancer diagnosed post-partum. This distinction is important because emerging epidemiologic data highlights worsened outcomes specific to post-partum cases. We reported that post-partum breast involution may be responsible for the increased metastatic potential of post-partum PABC. Increased awareness and detection, rationally aggressive treatment, and enhanced understanding of the mechanisms are imperative steps toward improving the prognosis for PABC. If we determine the mechanisms by which involution promotes metastasis of PABC, the post-partum period can be a window of opportunity for intervention strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.