ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Cellular tumor necrosis factor, gamma interferon, and interleukin-6 responses as correlates of immunity and risk of clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children from Papua New Guinea.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmodium and intestinal parasite perturbations of the infected host's inflammatory responses: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2018Pooled it
- A Balanced Proinflammatory and Regulatory Cytokine Signature in Young African Children Is Associated With Lower Risk of Clinical Malaria.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Frequent Malaria Drives Progressive Vδ2 T-Cell Loss, Dysfunction, and CD16 Up-regulation During Early Childhood.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Distinct systemic cytokine signatures define symptomatic malaria in children: insights from a longitudinal study in Togo.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- IFN‑γ Production in Memory CD4ACS omega · 2025Article
- Malaria blood stage infection suppresses liver stage infection via host-induced interferons but not hepcidin.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Profiles of host immune impairment inHeliyon · 2022Review
- Article
- What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2020Review
- Asymptomatic Malaria Infection Is Maintained by a Balanced Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Response.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Changing plasma cytokine, chemokine and growth factor profiles upon differing malaria transmission intensities.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Tim-3 signaling blockade with α-lactose induces compensatory TIGIT expression in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- γδ-T cells promote IFN-γ-dependentProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Controlled Infection Immunization Using Delayed Death Drug Treatment Elicits Protective Immune Responses to Blood-Stage Malaria Parasites.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Plasma cytokine profiles associated withAllergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Article
- Induction of Plasmodium-Specific Immune Responses Using Liposome-Based Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Protective vaccination alters gene expression of the liver of Balb/c mice in response to early prepatent blood-stage malaria of Plasmodium chabaudi.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- Review
- γδ T Cells in Antimalarial Immunity: New Insights Into Their Diverse Functions in Protection and Tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of early to intermediate Plasmodium falciparum-induced cellular responses in the development of clinical immunity to malaria is not well understood, and such responses have been proposed to contribute to both immunity and risk of clinical malaria episodes. To investigate whether P. falciparum-induced cellular responses are able to function as predictive correlates of parasitological and clinical outcomes, we conducted a prospective cohort study of children (5 to 14 years of age) residing in a region of Papua New Guinea where malaria is endemic Live, intact P. falciparum-infected red blood cells were applied to isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained at baseline. Cellular cytokine production, including production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (formerly tumor necrosis factor alpha), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), was measured, and the cellular source of key cytokines was investigated. Multicytokine models revealed that increasing P. falciparum-induced IL-6 production was associated with an increased incidence of P. falciparum clinical episodes (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.53), while increasing P. falciparum-induced TNF and IFN-gamma production was associated with a reduced incidence of clinical episodes (IRR for TNF, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.80]; IRR for IFN-gamma, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.90]). Furthermore, we found that monocytes/macrophages and gammadelta-T cells are important for the P. falciparum-induced production of IL-6 and TNF. Early to intermediate cellular cytokine responses to P. falciparum may therefore be important correlates of immunity and risk of symptomatic malaria episodes and thus warrant detailed investigation in relation to the development and implementation of effective vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.