ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2009
CpxRA contributes to Xenorhabdus nematophila virulence through regulation of lrhA and modulation of insect immunity.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- CpxR and LrhA coordinate the regulation of Xenocoumacin 1 biosynthesis, flagellar assembly, and chemotaxis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Regulatory role of the Cpx ESR in bacterial behaviours.Virulence · 2024Review
- TheApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides: Novel Source and Biological Function With a Special Focus on Entomopathogenic Nematode/Bacterium Symbiotic Complex.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- The CpxR regulates type VI secretion system 2 expression and facilitates the interbacterial competition activity and virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.Veterinary research · 2019Article
- Effects of cpxR on the growth characteristics and antibiotic production of Xenorhabdus nematophila.Microbial biotechnology · 2019Article
- CpxR negatively regulates the production of xenocoumacin 1, a dihydroisocoumarin derivative produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
- Review
- HexA is a versatile regulator involved in the control of phenotypic heterogeneity of Photorhabdus luminescens.PloS one · 2017Article
- Nematode-bacteria mutualism: Selection within the mutualism supersedes selection outside of the mutualism.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2016Article
- The Surface Sensor NlpE of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Contributes to Regulation of the Type III Secretion System and Flagella by the Cpx Response to Adhesion.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Environmental Regulation of Yersinia Pathophysiology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Reciprocal regulation of resistance-nodulation-division efflux systems and the Cpx two-component system in Vibrio cholerae.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- The Cpx stress response system potentiates the fitness and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- A Haemophilus ducreyi CpxR deletion mutant is virulent in human volunteers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Article
- Manipulation of pH shift to enhance the growth and antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdus nematophila.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2011Article
- Activation of the CpxRA system by deletion of cpxA impairs the ability of Haemophilus ducreyi to infect humans.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The gammaproteobacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila is a blood pathogen of insects that requires the CpxRA signal transduction system for full virulence (E. E. Herbert et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:7826-7836, 2007). We show here that the DeltacpxR1 mutant has altered localization, growth, and immune suppressive activities relative to its wild-type parent during infection of Manduca sexta insects. In contrast to wild-type X. nematophila, which were recovered throughout infection, DeltacpxR1 cells did not accumulate in hemolymph until after insect death. In vivo imaging of fluorescently labeled bacteria within live insects showed that DeltacpxR1 displayed delayed accumulation and also occasionally were present in isolated nodes rather than systemically throughout the insect as was wild-type X. nematophila. In addition, in contrast to its wild-type parent, the DeltacpxR1 mutant elicited transcription of an insect antimicrobial peptide, cecropin. Relative to phosphate-buffered saline-injected insects, cecropin transcript was induced 21-fold more in insects injected with DeltacpxR1 and 2-fold more in insects injected with wild-type X. nematophila. These data suggest that the DeltacpxR1 mutant has a defect in immune suppression or has an increased propensity to activate M. sexta immunity. CpxR regulates, directly or indirectly, genes known or predicted to be involved in virulence (E. E. Herbert et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:7826-7836, 2007), including lrhA, encoding a transcription factor necessary for X. nematophila virulence, motility, and lipase production (G. R. Richards et al., J. Bacteriol. 190:4870-4879, 2008). CpxR positively regulates lrhA transcript, and we have shown that altered regulation of lrhA in the DeltacpxR1 mutant causes this strain's virulence defect. The DeltacpxR1 mutant expressing lrhA from a constitutive lac promoter showed wild-type virulence in M. sexta. These data suggest that CpxR contributes to X. nematophila virulence through the regulation of lrhA, immune suppression, and growth in Insecta.
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