Trial reportBMC musculoskeletal disorders2009
The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects.
Trial report in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Plantar Flexor Stretching on Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- The Clinical Benefits of a Dynamic vs. Static Component as Part of a Comprehensive Warm-Up for Recreational Sports Players with Clinical Histories of Hamstring Injuries: A Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Disability and back muscle fatigability changes following two therapeutic exercise interventions in participants with recurrent low back pain.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2013Trial
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- Changes in Passive Muscle Stiffness Following Biceps Femoris Strain Injury in Track-and-Field Athletes: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of static stretching, PNF, MET, Graston, and foam rolling on hamstring flexibility in adolescent soccer players: a randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Variability of the Sprint Step Movement Pattern and Its Association with Hamstring Injury Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Enhancing physical fitness in older adults: a six-month medium intensity training intervention yields significant improvements.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Comparison of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching exercises on the balance performance of Turkish wrestlers.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Risk factors and injury prevention strategies for hamstring injuries: a narrative review.EFORT open reviews · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Electrical Muscle Elongation and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Programs on Muscle Flexibility and Stiffness in Young Adults with Functional Hamstring Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial with 4-Week Follow-Up.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Comparison of Mechanical Percussion Therapy and Manual Stretching on Hamstring Length.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Kinematics and kinetics of dogs walking over increasing heights of cavaletti exercise.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Osteopathic Treatment in Adults with Short Hamstring Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Discussing Conflicting Explanatory Approaches in Flexibility Training Under Consideration of Physiology: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Effects of Dynamic Stretching Combined with Manual Therapy on Pain, ROM, Function, and Quality of Life of Adhesive Capsulitis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dynamic and static stretching on hamstring flexibility and stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Potential Effects of Dynamic Stretching on Injury Incidence of Athletes: A Narrative Review of Risk Factors.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWarm-up and stretching are suggested to increase hamstring flexibility and reduce the risk of injury. This study examined the short-term effects of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in individuals with previous hamstring injury and uninjured controls.
methodsA randomised crossover study design, over 2 separate days. Hamstring flexibility was assessed using passive knee extension range of motion (PKE ROM). 18 previously injured individuals and 18 uninjured controls participated. On both days, four measurements of PKE ROM were recorded: (1) at baseline; (2) after warm-up; (3) after stretch (static or dynamic) and (4) after a 15-minute rest. Participants carried out both static and dynamic stretches, but on different days. Data were analysed using Anova.
resultsAcross both groups, there was a significant main effect for time (p < 0.001). PKE ROM significantly increased with warm-up (p < 0.001). From warm-up, PKE ROM further increased with static stretching (p = 0.04) but significantly decreased after dynamic stretching (p = 0.013). The increased flexibility after warm-up and static stretching reduced significantly (p < 0.001) after 15 minutes of rest, but remained significantly greater than at baseline (p < 0.001). Between groups, there was no main effect for group (p = 0.462), with no difference in mean PKE ROM values at any individual stage of the protocol (p > 0.05). Using ANCOVA to adjust for the non-significant (p = 0.141) baseline difference between groups, the previously injured group demonstrated a greater response to warm-up and static stretching, however this was not statistically significant (p = 0.05).
conclusionWarm-up significantly increased hamstring flexibility. Static stretching also increased hamstring flexibility, whereas dynamic did not, in agreement with previous findings on uninjured controls. The effect of warm-up and static stretching on flexibility was greater in those with reduced flexibility post-injury, but this did not reach statistical significance. Further prospective research is required to validate the hypothesis that increased flexibility improves outcomes.
trial registrationACTRN12608000638336.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.