Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19369951›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2009

Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes and bacterial evasion strategies.

Ronald S Flannagan, Gabriela Cosío, Sergio Grinstein

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 463 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
463citing papers in PubMed
46.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

463 citing papers in PubMed, 908 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Comparative analysis of defensin expression inFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026
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  20. Arginine at the host-pathogen interface.Infection and immunity · 2025
    Review

403 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ronald S FlannaganProgram in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Gabriela Cosío
Sergio Grinstein
Hospital for Sick Children · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Professional phagocytes have a vast and sophisticated arsenal of microbicidal features. They are capable of ingesting and destroying invading organisms, and can present microbial antigens on their surface, eliciting acquired immune responses. To survive this hostile response, certain bacterial species have developed evasive strategies that often involve the secretion of effectors to co-opt the cellular machinery of the host. In this Review, we present an overview of the antimicrobial defences of the host cell, with emphasis on macrophages, for which phagocytosis has been studied most extensively. In addition, using Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii as examples, we describe some of the evasive strategies used by bacteria.

Indexed as

AnimalsBacteriaHumansPhagocytesPhagosomes

Identifiers

PMID19369951
OpenAlexW2002047195

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.