ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2009
Anti-activator ExsD forms a 1:1 complex with ExsA to inhibit transcription of type III secretion operons.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory cascade of NdpR and NdpR2 in controlling nicotine degradation operons inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- TypA Interacts with ExsA to Suppress Type III Secretion System inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Functional and Pangenomic Exploration of Roc Two-Component Regulatory Systems Identifies Novel Players Across Pseudomonas Species.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- Beyond pathogenicity: applications of the type III secretion system (T3SS) ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Cross-regulation and cross-talk of conserved and accessory two-component regulatory systems orchestrate Pseudomonas copper resistance.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Article
- Genetic and Environmental Investigation of a Novel Phenylamino Acetamide Inhibitor of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Shared biophysical mechanisms determine early biofilm architecture development across different bacterial species.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Dihydrolipoamide Acetyltransferase AceF Influences the Type III Secretion System and Resistance to Oxidative Stresses through RsmY/Z inMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Article
- Acetylation of the CspA family protein CspC controls the type III secretion system through translational regulation of exsA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Article
- Backbone Interactions Between Transcriptional Activator ExsA and Anti-Activator ExsD Facilitate Regulation of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Review
- Fitting Pieces into the Puzzle ofJournal of bacteriology · 2019Review
- Quantitative contribution of efflux to multi-drug resistance of clinical Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- NrtR Regulates the Type III Secretion System Through cAMP/Vfr Pathway inFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- A Novel Subfamily of Bacterial AAT-Fold Basic Amino Acid Decarboxylases and Functional Characterization of Its First Representative: Pseudomonas aeruginosa LdcA.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- cAMP and Vfr Control Exolysin Expression and Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Taxonomic Outliers.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Article
- The Hcp-like protein HilE inhibits homodimerization and DNA binding of the virulence-associated transcriptional regulator HilD inThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ExsA protein is a Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcriptional regulator of the AraC/XylS family that is responsible for activating the type III secretion system operons upon host cell contact. Its activity is known to be controlled in vivo through interaction with its negative regulator ExsD. Using a heterologous expression system, we demonstrated that ExsD is sufficient to inhibit the transcriptional activity of ExsA. Gel shift assays with ExsA- and ExsD-containing cytosolic extracts revealed that ExsD does not block DNA target sites but affects the DNA binding activity of the transcriptional activator. The ExsA-ExsD complex was purified after coproduction of the two partners in Escherichia coli. Size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation analysis revealed a homogeneous complex with a 1:1 ratio. When in interaction with ExsD, ExsA is not able to bind to its specific target any longer, as evidenced by gel shift assays. Size exclusion chromatography further showed a partial dissociation of the complex in the presence of a specific DNA sequence. A model of the molecular inhibitory role of ExsD toward ExsA is proposed, in which, under noninducing conditions, the anti-activator ExsD sequesters ExsA and hinders its binding to DNA sites, preventing the transcription of type III secretion genes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.