ArticleGenes & development2009
Four histone variants mark the boundaries of polycistronic transcription units in Trypanosoma brucei.
Article in Genes & development, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nuclear proteome analysis suggests spatial and temporal compartmentalization of metabolic enzymes during Trypanosoma cruzi cell cycle.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Genome-wide mapping of replication stress response factors reveals the management of polycistronic transcription, replication initiation, and responses to replication stress in Leishmania.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- Genome-wide mapping of DNA G-quadruplexes in Trypanosoma brucei chromatin reveals enrichment in coding regions and transcription start sites.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- New Histone H4 variant and H2B variant Exhibits distinct genomic distributions, chromatin affinities, and dynamics throughout life and cell cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Division of labor in trypanosome RNA processing and export through expanded Mex67 paralogs.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Determining Histone Posttranslational Modifications Along the Cell Cycle in Trypanosoma cruzi by Flow Cytometry.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) for Trypanosoma brucei Parasites.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances and challenges in the search for new treatments for Chagas disease.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Review
- Histone post-translational modifications of Leishmania braziliensis.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Insight into the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the bloodstream and procyclic forms ofNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Precision-edited histone tails disrupt polycistronic gene expression controls in trypanosomes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- RNA synthesis inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Hidden origami inmBio · 2025Article
- Trypanosomatid histones: the building blocks of the epigenetic code of highly divergent eukaryotes.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Histone H3 K4 trimethylation occurs mainly at the origins of polycistronic transcription in the genome of Leishmania infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Mono-allelic epigenetic regulation of polycistronic transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II inmBio · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Unusually for a eukaryote, genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (pol II) in Trypanosoma brucei are arranged in polycistronic transcription units. With one exception, no pol II promoter motifs have been identified, and how transcription is initiated remains an enigma. T. brucei has four histone variants: H2AZ, H2BV, H3V, and H4V. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequencing (ChIP-seq) to examine the genome-wide distribution of chromatin components, we show that histones H4K10ac, H2AZ, H2BV, and the bromodomain factor BDF3 are enriched up to 300-fold at probable pol II transcription start sites (TSSs). We also show that nucleosomes containing H2AZ and H2BV are less stable than canonical nucleosomes. Our analysis also identifies >60 unexpected TSS candidates and reveals the presence of long guanine runs at probable TSSs. Apparently unique to trypanosomes, additional histone variants H3V and H4V are enriched at probable pol II transcription termination sites. Our findings suggest that histone modifications and histone variants play crucial roles in transcription initiation and termination in trypanosomes and that destabilization of nucleosomes by histone variants is an evolutionarily ancient and general mechanism of transcription initiation, demonstrated in an organism in which general pol II transcription factors have been elusive.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.