ArticleJournal of virology2009
Intracellular localization of hepatitis delta virus proteins in the presence and absence of viral RNA accumulation.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural characterization of the HDV virion and its ribonucleoprotein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Intrinsically Disordered Region of HBx and Virus-Host Interactions: Uncovering New Therapeutic Approaches for HBV and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of human, rodent and snake deltavirus replication.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
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- FoxA2 and RNA Pol II mediate human islet amyloid polypeptide turnover in ER-stressed pancreatic β-cells.The Biochemical journal · 2021Article
- Molecular interactions of plant viral satellites.Virus genes · 2021Review
- Intrinsically disordered proteins of viruses: Involvement in the mechanism of cell regulation and pathogenesis.Progress in molecular biology and translational science · 2020Review
- Hepatitis Delta Antigen Regulates mRNA and Antigenome RNA Levels during Hepatitis Delta Virus Replication.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Prokaryotic Expression, Purification and Immunogenicity in Rabbits of the Small Antigen of Hepatitis Delta Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Hepatitis delta virus: A fascinating and neglected pathogen.World journal of virology · 2015Review
- Hepatitis D Virus Replication.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2015Review
- Therapeutic Strategies and New Intervention Points in Chronic Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- Hepatitis D virus infection, replication and cross-talk with the hepatitis B virus.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Article
- Hepatitis delta antigen requires a flexible quasi-double-stranded RNA structure to bind and condense hepatitis delta virus RNA in a ribonucleoprotein complex.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Article
- Phosphorylation of serine 177 of the small hepatitis delta antigen regulates viral antigenomic RNA replication by interacting with the processive RNA polymerase II.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) encodes one protein, hepatitis delta antigen (deltaAg), a 195-amino-acid RNA binding protein essential for the accumulation of HDV RNA-directed RNA transcripts. It has been accepted that deltaAg localizes predominantly to the nucleolus in the absence of HDV genome replication while in the presence of replication, deltaAg facilitates HDV RNA transport to the nucleoplasm and helps redirect host RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to achieve transcription and accumulation of processed HDV RNA species. This study used immunostaining and confocal microscopy to evaluate factors controlling the localization of deltaAg in the presence and absence of replicating and nonreplicating HDV RNAs. When deltaAg was expressed in the absence of full-length HDV RNAs, it colocalized with nucleolin, a predominant nucleolar protein. With time, or more quickly after induced cell stress, there was a redistribution of both deltaAg and nucleolin to the nucleoplasm. Following expression of nonreplicating HDV RNAs, deltaAg moved to the nucleoplasm, but nucleolin was unchanged. When deltaAg was expressed along with replicating HDV RNA, it was found predominantly in the nucleoplasm along with Pol II. This localization was insensitive to inhibitors of HDV replication, suggesting that the majority of deltaAg in the nucleoplasm reflects ribonucleoprotein accumulation rather than ongoing transcription. An additional approach was to reevaluate several forms of deltaAg altered at specific locations considered to be essential for protein function. These studies provide evidence that deltaAg does not interact directly with either Pol II or nucleolin and that forms of deltaAg which support replication are also capable of prior nucleolar transit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.