Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19368723›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2009

Neuroinflammation and MMPs: potential therapeutic targets in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury.

Christopher C Leonardo, Keith R Pennypacker

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Gut-brain axis in health and brain disease.Chinese medical journal · 2026
    Review
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  6. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Christopher C LeonardoDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Basic Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. cleonard@health.usf.edu
Keith R Pennypacker

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exposure to hypoxic-ischemic insults during the neonatal or perinatal developmental periods produces various forms of pathology. Injuries that occur in response to these events often manifest as severe cognitive and/or motor disturbances over time. Due to difficulties regarding the early diagnosis and treatment of hypoxic-ischemic injury, there is a growing need for effective therapies that can be delivered at delayed time points. Much of the research into mechanisms of neural injury has focused on molecular targets associated with excitotoxicity and free oxygen radicals. Despite repeated success in animal models, these compounds have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. Increasing evidence indicates that hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonate is progressive, and the resulting neuropathies are linked to the activation of neuroinflammatory processes that occur in response to the initial wave of cell death. Understanding this latter response, therefore, will be critical in the development of novel therapies to block the progression of the injury. In this review, we summarize emerging concepts from rodent models concerning the regulation of various cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases in response to ischemia, and the various ways in which the delayed neuroinflammatory response may contribute to the progressive nature of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury in rat. Finally, we discuss data that supports the potential to target these neuroinflammatory signals at clinically relevant time points.

Indexed as

NeuroimmunomodulationAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBrainCytokinesDisease ProgressionExtracellular MatrixFree RadicalsHumansHypoxia-Ischemia, BrainInfant, NewbornMatrix Metalloproteinase InhibitorsMatrix MetalloproteinasesTime FactorsCytokinesFree RadicalsMatrix Metalloproteinase InhibitorsMatrix Metalloproteinases

Identifiers

PMID19368723
PMCPMC2674036

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.