Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2009
Childhood sexual abuse is highly associated with HIV risk-taking behavior and infection among MSM in the EXPLORE Study.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health effects associated with exposure to intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse: a burden of proof study.Nature medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Combination Behavioral Interventions Co-Targeting Psychosocial Syndemics and HIV-Related Health Behaviors for Sexual Minority Men.Journal of sex research · 2020Pooled it
- Critical Review: When the Party is Over: A Systematic Review of Behavioral Interventions for Substance-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Pooled it
- Stressful childhood experiences and health outcomes in sexual minority populations: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2014Pooled it
- Intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men: a systematic review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2013Pooled it
- Mental health outcomes in HIV and childhood maltreatment: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- The prevalence of sexual assault against people who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual in the United States: a systematic review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2011Pooled it
- PrEPare for Work: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention to Optimize HIV PrEP Outcomes Among Male Sex Workers.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Trauma and Self-Care (CBT-TSC) in Men Who have Sex with Men with a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Randomized Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2019Trial
- Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Emerging Adult Sexual Minority Men: Implications for Assessment and Treatment of Childhood Sexual Abuse.Journal of traumatic stress · 2018Trial
- The Indirect Effect of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms on Current Alcohol Use Through Negative Cognitions in Sexual Minority Men.Journal of traumatic stress · 2018Trial
- Childhood sexual abuse among Black men who have sex with men: A cornerstone of a syndemic?PloS one · 2018Trial
- Applying network analysis to psychological comorbidity and health behavior: Depression, PTSD, and sexual risk in sexual minority men with trauma histories.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2017Trial
- Depression and Oral FTC/TDF Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men (MSM/TGW).AIDS and behavior · 2016Trial
- Reported physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adult HIV risk behaviour in three African countries: findings from Project Accept (HPTN-043).AIDS and behavior · 2014Trial
- Reductions in traumatic stress following a coping intervention were mediated by decreases in avoidant coping for people living with HIV/AIDS and childhood sexual abuse.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2013Trial
- Predictors of HIV transmission risk behavior and seroconversion among Latino men who have sex with men in Project EXPLORE.AIDS and behavior · 2012Trial
- Reductions in alcohol and cocaine use following a group coping intervention for HIV-positive adults with childhood sexual abuse histories.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2010Trial
- Correlates of resilience after childhood sexual abuse among men who have sex with men.Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD)Trial
- Identifying Syndemic Factors and Their Effect on HIV Sexual Risk Behavior Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Vancouver, Montreal and Toronto.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have found high rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among US men who have sex with men (MSM). CSA history has been associated with a variety of negative effects later in life including behaviors that place MSM at greater risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. The present analysis is the first to examine the longitudinal association between CSA and HIV infection, unprotected anal sex, and serodiscordant unprotected anal sex, as well as mediators of these relationships among a large sample of HIV-uninfected MSM.
methodsThe EXPLORE Study was a behavioral intervention trial conducted in 6 US cities over 48 months with HIV infection as the primary efficacy outcome. Behavioral assessments were done every 6 months via confidential computerized assessments. Longitudinal regression models were constructed, adjusting for randomization arm, geographical location of study site, age at enrollment, education, and race/ethnicity.
resultsOf the 4295 participants enrolled, 39.7% had a history of CSA. Participants with a history of CSA [adjusted hazards ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02 to 1.69] were at increased risk for HIV infection over study follow-up. A significant association was seen between history of CSA and unprotected anal sex (adjusted odds ratio = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.36) and serodiscordant unprotected anal sex (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.43). Among participants reporting CSA, the EXPLORE intervention had no effect in reducing HIV infection rates. Participants reporting CSA were significantly more likely to have symptoms of depression and use nonprescription drugs.
conclusionsA predictive relationship between a history of CSA and subsequent HIV infection was observed among this large sample of HIV-uninfected MSM. Findings indicate that HIV-uninfected MSM with CSA histories are at greater risk for HIV infection, report higher rates of HIV sexual risk behavior, and may derive less benefit from prevention programs. Future HIV prevention interventions should address the specific mental health concerns of MSM with a history of CSA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.