ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2009
Efflux-mediated antifungal drug resistance.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03659162 (Efflux Pump Mediated Azole Resistance in Candida Albicans Among Neutropenic Patients With Haematological Malignancies), which is not on this map. Cited by 267 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efflux Pump Mediated Azole Resistance in Candida Albicans Among Neutropenic Patients With Haematological Malignancies
Who cites it
267 citing papers in PubMed, 590 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Anandamide Targets Membrane Integrity in Non-Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antifungal resistance: from classical mechanisms to the expanding role of acetyltransferases.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Plasma membrane transporters Alp1 and Nrt1 mediate the uptake of benzamidine conjugates in fungi.Cell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- The dual role of azoles: lifesaving antifungals and drivers of resistance - a One Health perspective.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Article
- Fluorescent TAPY-bodipy dyads as tools for imaging fungal mitochondria by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Expanding the Antimicrobial Toolbox with Therapeutic Viruses: Mechanisms, Pharmaceutical Formulation, and Translational Outlook.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The chromatin remodeling factor Arp9 modulates drug-resistance and plays a key role in aflatoxins biosynthesis under mammalian-physiological-temperature in Aspergillus flavus.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Genomic Analysis Reveals Diversified and Stress-Responsive Transport Repertoire inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Candida albicans infection suppresses lipopolysaccharide or Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulated murine bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) responses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- In-Silico and Functional Characterization of EcdLp, an ABC Transporter of Aspergillus nidulans NRRL11440.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Functional characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Understanding multi-azole resistance inFrontiers in fungal biology · 2026Article
- Multidrug efflux pumps and innate azole resistance of Mucor lusitanicus.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Agricultural SDHIs Induce Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus via Mitochondrial Sdh1 Suppression.Mycopathologia · 2025Article
- Antifungal Susceptibility ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role and mechanism of hexyl-aminolevulinate ethosome-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reversing fluconazole resistance inJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterisation of Antifungal Resistance to Azoles in Colombian Isolates of Malassezia spp.Mycoses · 2025Article
- Antifungal resistance: Emerging mechanisms and implications (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
207 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Fungi cause serious infections in the immunocompromised and debilitated, and the incidence of invasive mycoses has increased significantly over the last 3 decades. Slow diagnosis and the relatively few classes of antifungal drugs result in high attributable mortality for systemic fungal infections. Azole antifungals are commonly used for fungal infections, but azole resistance can be a problem for some patient groups. High-level, clinically significant azole resistance usually involves overexpression of plasma membrane efflux pumps belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or the major facilitator superfamily class of transporters. The heterologous expression of efflux pumps in model systems, such Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has enabled the functional analysis of efflux pumps from a variety of fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of the ABC pleiotropic drug resistance family has provided a new view of the evolution of this important class of efflux pumps. There are several ways in which the clinical significance of efflux-mediated antifungal drug resistance can be mitigated. Alternative antifungal drugs, such as the echinocandins, that are not efflux pump substrates provide one option. Potential therapeutic approaches that could overcome azole resistance include targeting efflux pump transcriptional regulators and fungal stress response pathways, blockade of energy supply, and direct inhibition of efflux pumps.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.