ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2009
Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,458 papers.
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Who cites it
1,458 citing papers in PubMed, 3,020 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Functional characterization of TmToll-6 in mediating innate immune responses to systemic microbial infections in Tenebrio molitor.Cell and tissue research · 2026Article
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- Bacteria-mimicking cancer cells reprogram macrophages via multiple pattern recognition receptor pathways for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Angiotensin (1-7) exaggerates albuminuria and nephrin gene expression but does not modulate renal function-specific microRNAs expressions in kidneys of db/db mice.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Host Innate Immunity: Insights Into TLR Signaling, PRR Crosstalk, and Viral Immune Evasion.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Macrophage EHD1 Promotes Inflammation and Stabilizes Sortilin to Accelerate Atherosclerosis.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Perturbation of RNA homeostasis impairs mitochondrial respiration during poxvirus infection through excess RNA accumulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
1,398 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens and relies on a large family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect distinct evolutionarily conserved structures on pathogens, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among the PRRs, the Toll-like receptors have been studied most extensively. Upon PAMP engagement, PRRs trigger intracellular signaling cascades ultimately culminating in the expression of a variety of proinflammatory molecules, which together orchestrate the early host response to infection, and also is a prerequisite for the subsequent activation and shaping of adaptive immunity. In order to avoid immunopathology, this system is tightly regulated by a number of endogenous molecules that limit the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response. Moreover, pathogenic microbes have developed sophisticated molecular strategies to subvert host defenses by interfering with molecules involved in inflammatory signaling. This review presents current knowledge on pathogen recognition through different families of PRRs and the increasingly complex signaling pathways responsible for activation of an inflammatory and antimicrobial response. Moreover, medical implications are discussed, including the role of PRRs in primary immunodeficiencies and in the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as the possibilities for translation into clinical and therapeutic applications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.