ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2009
Turning 'sweet' on immunity: galectin-glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 438 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
438 citing papers in PubMed, 893 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Immunotherapy: The Galectin-3 Signature in NSCLCs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Trial
- Tumor glycosylation and ABO phenotyping alterations in invasive urothelial carcinoma: A case report.Hematology, transfusion and cell therapy · 2026Article
- The Least Understood Placental Galectins: Galectin-14 and Galectin-16 in Human Pregnancy and Placental Biology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- N-glycans in non-malignant tumor microenvironment cells dampen CAR-T cell function in solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- ST6GAL1 Glycoengineering Rewires Cytokine Signaling and Preserves Metabolic Fitness in CAR-T Cells Under Galectin-3-Mediated Immunosuppression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Galectin-9-driven immune evasion constrains radiotherapy-induced systemic antitumor immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus Reprograms Mesenchymal Cell Glycosylation to control platelet-derived growth factor receptor A signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Expression, Localization and Actions of Galectin-3: Implications in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Protecting the sugar coat on anti-tumor T cells to conceal destruction by tumor microenvironmental landmines.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Neurotrophins and Galectin-3: Hidden Keys in Neuroinflammation-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dynamic changes in TREX1 and LGALS9 mRNA levels in PBMCs predict HBsAg clearance and treatment responses to Peg-IFN-α therapy in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Balancing inflammation and regeneration: immune cell dynamics in nerve repair: a comprehensive review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Targeting Galectin-1 with Triptolide Induces Ferroptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2026Article
- Host Glycan-Lectin Interplay in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Galectin-1 deficiency attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation and is associated with reduced macrophage recruitment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Developing immunotherapies through glycosylation reprogramming to combat solid cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glycoengineering CAR-T cells to overcome galectin-3-mediated immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrated single-cell and bulk-tissue transcriptomic analysis reveals an epithelial-stromal inflammatory microenvironment in biliary atresia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 and the Glyco-Inflammatory Axis: A Missing Link to Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Coronary Artery Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Diet Components, Immune Function and IgE-Mediated Food Allergy.Nutrients · 2025Review
378 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The function of deciphering the biological information encoded by the glycome, which is the entire repertoire of complex sugar structures expressed by cells and tissues, is assigned in part to endogenous glycan-binding proteins or lectins. Galectins, a family of animal lectins that bind N-acetyllactosamine-containing glycans, have many roles in diverse immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition, shaping the course of adaptive immune responses and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. How do galectins translate glycan-encoded information into tolerogenic or inflammatory cell programmes? An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying these functions will provide further opportunities for developing new therapies based on the immunoregulatory properties of this multifaceted protein family.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.