ArticleTransplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.)2009
Mechanisms of complement activation, C4d deposition, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated rejection.
Article in Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed.
- Complement and kidney diseases: unlocking the opportunity of targeted treatments for glomerular diseases, including IgA nephropathy.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Internalized components of membrane attack complexes disrupt proteostasis and acquire alarmin-like properties.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Internalized Components of Membrane Attack Complexes Disrupt Proteostasis and Acquire Alarmin-Like Properties.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characteristic patterns of complement deposition in NMOSD, MOGAD, and MS.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Immune complex handling in transplantation: central roles for complement factor H, animal models, and translational implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of the Endothelium as a Key Regulator of Chronic Transplant Rejection.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- The Spatial Distribution of Lipophilic Cations in Gradient Copolymers Regulates Polymer-pDNA Complexation, Polyplex Aggregation, and Intracellular pDNA Delivery.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- Significance of C4d expression in peritubular capillaries concurrent with microvascular inflammation in for-cause biopsies of ABO-incompatible renal allografts.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- HLA class II antibody activation of endothelial cells induces M2 macrophage differentiation in peripheral blood.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2023Article
- Association of Circulating Anti-HLA Donor-Specific Antibodies and Their Characteristics, including C1q-Binding Capacity, in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Long-Term Renal Graft Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Potential causal role of synovial complement system activation in the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury or meniscus tear.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune-mediated cholangiopathies in children: the need to better understand the pathophysiology for finding the future possible treatment targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Cellular activation pathways and interaction networks in vascularized composite allotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Enrichment of Complement, Immunoglobulins, and Autoantibody Targets in the Proteome of Platelets from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2022Article
- Neuropathic symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of Fc Gamma Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Rejection of Kidney Transplants.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2022Review
- TLR7 Activation Accelerates Cardiovascular Pathology in a Mouse Model of Lupus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Chronic Inflammatory Placental Disorders Associated With Recurrent Adverse Pregnancy Outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Weak Expression of Terminal Complement in Active Antibody-Mediated Rejection of the Kidney.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Tissue-engineered vascular microphysiological platform to study immune modulation of xenograft rejection.Science advances · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Complement split products have emerged as useful markers of antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplants. One split product, C4d, is now widely accepted as a marker for antibody-mediated rejection in renal and cardiac allografts. This review summarizes the rationale for the use of C4d as a marker of antibody-mediated rejection, along with the clinical evidence supporting its use in the clinical diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection. Antibody-independent mechanisms by which C4d can be activated by the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation are also identified. Finally, mechanisms by which complement activation stimulates effector cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, platelets, and B and T lymphocytes) as well as target cells (endothelial cells) are discussed in relation to antibody-mediated allograft rejection.
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