Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19358307›Full record

ArticleAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2009

Decreased GAD65 mRNA levels in select subpopulations of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei in autism: an in situ hybridization study.

Jane Yip, Jean Jacques Soghomonian, Gene J Blatt

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  17. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Structure, Function, and Genetics of the Cerebellum in Autism.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2022
    Article
  20. Review

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jane YipDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
Jean Jacques Soghomonian
Gene J Blatt
Boston University · US

Funding

Olivocerebellar Circuitry in AutismR01HD039459 · NICHD · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI BLATT, GENE J · 2002 to 2010
$2.4M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD039459NICHD NIH HHS R01-HD39459
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position in the cerebellum to receive input from Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere participating in both motor and cognitive functions. Although neuropathology of the four cerebellar nuclei using Nissl staining has been qualitatively reported in children and adults with autism, surprisingly the dentate nuclei appeared less affected despite reported reductions in Purkinje cells in the posterolateral cerebellar hemisphere. To determine any underlying abnormalities in the critically important GABAergic system, the rate-limiting GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) type 65 was measured via in situ hybridization histochemistry in dentate somata. GAD65 mRNA labeling revealed two distinct subpopulations of neurons in adult control and autism postmortem brains: small-sized cells (about 10-12 microm in diameter, presumed interneurons) and larger-sized neurons (about 18-20 microm in diameter, likely feedback to inferior olivary neurons). A mean 51% reduction in GAD65 mRNA levels was found in the larger labeled cells in the autistic group compared with the control group (P=0.009; independent t-test) but not in the smaller cell subpopulation. This suggests a disturbance in the intrinsic cerebellar circuitry in the autism group potentially interfering with the synchronous firing of inferior olivary neurons, and the timing of Purkinje cell firing and inputs to the dentate nuclei. Disturbances in critical neural substrates within these key circuits could disrupt afferents to motor and/or cognitive cerebral association areas in the autistic brain likely contributing to the marked behavioral consequences characteristic of autism.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAutistic DisorderCerebellumDentate GyrusFemalegamma-Aminobutyric AcidHumansIn Situ HybridizationMaleNeuronsRNA, MessengerYoung Adultgamma-Aminobutyric AcidRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID19358307
PMCPMC2724747
OpenAlexW1979421307

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.