ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2009
Longitudinal evaluation of smoke-free Scotland on pub and home drinking behavior: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- "Availability is the poor cousin of marketing and pricing": qualitative study of stakeholders' views on policy priorities around tobacco and alcohol availability.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Framework for inferring empirical causal graphs from binary data to support multidimensional poverty analysis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Understanding changes in the locations of drinking occasions in Great Britain: An age-period-cohort analysis of repeat cross-sectional market research data, 2001-2019.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- The good, the bad, and the environment: developing an area-based measure of access to health-promoting and health-constraining environments in New Zealand.International journal of health geographics · 2021Article
- Conceptualising changes to tobacco and alcohol policy as affecting a single interlinked system.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Attitudes of Korean smokers towards smoke-free public places: findings from the longitudinal ITC Korea Survey, 2005-2010.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Harmful Alcohol Consumption in the U.S. Population.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Article
- Do 'environmental bads' such as alcohol, fast food, tobacco, and gambling outlets cluster and co-locate in more deprived areas in Glasgow City, Scotland?Health & place · 2018Article
- Smoke-Free Laws and Hazardous Drinking: A Cross-Sectional Study among U.S. Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- The Impact of a City-Wide Indoor Smoking Ban on Smoking and Drinking Behaviors Across Emerging Adulthood.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
- Effects of state cigarette excise taxes and smoke-free air policies on state per capita alcohol consumption in the United States, 1980 to 2009.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2014Article
- Are statewide restaurant and bar smoking bans associated with reduced cigarette smoking among those with mental illness?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Article
- Increased cigarette tax is associated with reductions in alcohol consumption in a longitudinal U.S. sample.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2014Article
- Smoke-free policies in drinking venues predict transitions in alcohol use disorders in a longitudinal U.S. sample.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Article
- How can we use our knowledge of alcohol-tobacco interactions to reduce alcohol use?Annual review of clinical psychology · 2013Review
- Smoke-free bar policies and smokers' alcohol consumption: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2012Article
- Non-daily smoking predicts hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders in young adults in a longitudinal U.S. sample.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2011Article
- An observational study of the secondary effects of a local smoke-free ordinance.Preventing chronic disease · 2011Article
- Quitting smoking and change in alcohol consumption in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2010Article
- Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Centers: research achievements and future implications.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
introductionOn 26 March 2006, Scotland implemented a smoke-free policy prohibiting smoking in indoor public venues, including bars and pubs. Drinking and smoking are highly associated behaviors, so we evaluated whether the regulations would decrease drinking behavior among smokers in public venues. We further assessed whether this effect would be more pronounced in heavier drinkers and whether decreases in drinking behavior in pubs would be offset by increased drinking in the home.
methodsParticipants (N = 1,059) were adult smokers and nonsmokers from Scotland and from the rest of the United Kingdom, which did not have comprehensive smoke-free policies during the study period. Data were collected using a random-digit-dialed telephone survey from February to March 2006, just prior to the policy implementation in Scotland. Follow-up surveys were conducted in March 2007. Using baseline data, we categorized participants as abstainers, moderate drinkers, or heavy drinkers.
resultsOverall, results demonstrated that drinking behavior did not change significantly in Scotland compared with the rest of the United Kingdom following implementation of the smoke-free policy in Scotland. However, planned comparisons examining mean changes in drinks consumed in pubs or bars following the legislation demonstrated that the smoke-free legislation was associated with reduced drinking behavior in pubs and bars among moderate- and heavy-drinking smokers in Scotland. These moderate- and heavy-drinking Scottish smokers also reduced their pub attendance following policy implementation. DISCUSSION: The smoke-free Scottish law did not increase drinking in the home. These findings suggest that smoke-free policies may have additional public health benefits for those at greater risk for alcohol-related health problems.
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