ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2009
Drug inhibition of HDAC3 and epigenetic control of differentiation in Apicomplexa parasites.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activities of anti-Toxoplasma drugs and compounds against tissue cysts in the last three decades (1987 to 2017), a systematic review.Parasitology research · 2018Pooled it
- Toxoplasma gondii SIR2A Promotes Tachyzoite Invasion via Lysine Deacetylase Activity.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Parasite-specific essential bromodomain protein TgBDP4 is a key epigenetic reader and a potential drug target for the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Toxoplasma gondii hijacks host S100A6 to enhance cell migration and brain cyst formation.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Kinase inhibitors in organoid media influenceMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Key Regulators of Parasite Biology Viewed Through a Post-Translational Modification Repertoire.Proteomics · 2025Review
- Article
- An ISWI-related chromatin remodeller regulates stage-specific gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- A Novel Nuclear Protein Complex Controlling the Expression of Developmentally Regulated Genes in Toxoplasma Gondii.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Characterization of the Activities of Vorinostat AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Proteomic identification of aFEMS microbes · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Review
- The Toxoplasma gondii F-Box Protein L2 Functions as a Repressor of Stage Specific Gene Expression.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Identification of fungal natural products with potent inhibition inMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Sex in a dish: high-efficiency Toxoplasma pre-sexual development.Trends in parasitology · 2024Article
- Epigenetic regulation as a therapeutic target in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.Malaria journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Proteomics Applications inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are parasites of major medical importance that belong to the Apicomplexa phylum of protozoa. These parasites transform into various stages during their life cycle and express a specific set of proteins at each stage. Although little is yet known of how gene expression is controlled in Apicomplexa, histone modifications, particularly acetylation, are emerging as key regulators of parasite differentiation and stage conversion. We investigated the anti-Apicomplexa effect of FR235222, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). We show that FR235222 is active against a variety of Apicomplexa genera, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, and is more potent than other HDACi's such as trichostatin A and the clinically relevant compound pyrimethamine. We identify T. gondii HDAC3 (TgHDAC3) as the target of FR235222 in Toxoplasma tachyzoites and demonstrate the crucial role of the conserved and Apicomplexa HDAC-specific residue TgHDAC3 T99 in the inhibitory activity of the drug. We also show that FR235222 induces differentiation of the tachyzoite (replicative) into the bradyzoite (nonreplicative) stage. Additionally, via its anti-TgHDAC3 activity, FR235222 influences the expression of approximately 370 genes, a third of which are stage-specifically expressed. These results identify FR235222 as a potent HDACi of Apicomplexa, and establish HDAC3 as a central regulator of gene expression and stage conversion in Toxoplasma and, likely, other Apicomplexa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.