ArticlePLoS pathogens2009
Variable fitness impact of HIV-1 escape mutations to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Vicriviroc resistance decay and relative replicative fitness in HIV-1 clinical isolates under sequential drug selection pressures.Journal of virology · 2012Trial
- HIV-1 clinical isolates resistant to CCR5 antagonists exhibit delayed entry kinetics that are corrected in the presence of drug.Journal of virology · 2012Trial
- In vivo suppression of HIV by antigen specific T cells derived from engineered hematopoietic stem cells.PLoS pathogens · 2012Trial
- The genomic sequence of packaged viral ribonucleic acid predicts mucosal HIV-1 transmission fitness.iScience · 2026Article
- Capsid-Targeting Biologic Achieves Broad HIV-1 Neutralization with a High Barrier to Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Long-read deep sequencing reveals high rates of multilineage transmission and rapid viral population changes in acute HIV infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Predicting the evolutionary and structural compensation in Tat ARM region across HIV-1 groups using machine learning approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Implications of HIV-1 Subtypes on Pathogenesis, Reservoirs and Cure Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Comprehensive analysis of gp120 glycosylation to explore differences between transmitter/founder and chronic HIV-1 isolates.Glycobiology · 2026Article
- Long-Read Deep Sequencing Reveals High Rates of Multilineage Transmission and Rapid Viral Population Changes in Acute HIV Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Insights to HIV-1 coreceptor usage by estimating HLA adaptation with Bayesian generalized linear mixed models.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Accelerating Bayesian inference of dependency between mixed-type biological traits.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Evolutionary implications of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for the future design of vaccination strategies.Communications medicine · 2023Review
- No Difference in the Prevalence of HIV-1Vaccines · 2023Article
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) target and kill HIV-infected cells expressing cognate viral epitopes. This response selects for escape mutations within CTL epitopes that can diminish viral replication fitness. Here, we assess the fitness impact of escape mutations emerging in seven CTL epitopes in the gp120 Env and p24 Gag coding regions of an individual followed longitudinally from the time of acute HIV-1 infection, as well as some of these same epitopes recognized in other HIV-1-infected individuals. Nine dominant mutations appeared in five gp120 epitopes within the first year of infection, whereas all four mutations found in two p24 epitopes emerged after nearly two years of infection. These mutations were introduced individually into the autologous gene found in acute infection and then placed into a full-length, infectious viral genome. When competed against virus expressing the parental protein, fitness loss was observed with only one of the nine gp120 mutations, whereas four had no effect and three conferred a slight increase in fitness. In contrast, mutations conferring CTL escape in the p24 epitopes significantly decreased viral fitness. One particular escape mutation within a p24 epitope was associated with reduced peptide recognition and high viral fitness costs but was replaced by a fitness-neutral mutation. This mutation appeared to alter epitope processing concomitant with a reduced CTL response. In conclusion, CTL escape mutations in HIV-1 Gag p24 were associated with significant fitness costs, whereas most escape mutations in the Env gene were fitness neutral, suggesting a balance between immunologic escape and replicative fitness costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.