ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2009
Tumour necrosis factor and cancer.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05867004 (Blocking TNF to Potentiate the ICI-dependent Immune Awakening in Melanoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 996 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Blocking TNF to Potentiate the ICI-dependent Immune Awakening in Melanoma
Who cites it
996 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,900 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal effects of blood cells on breast cancer: Evidence from bidirectional Mendelian randomization combined with meta-analysis.Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitor Use and Malignancy Risk: A Systematic Review and Patient Level Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular targets in bone cancer pain: a systematic review of inflammatory cytokines.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Pooled it
- Association of COX-2, TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα With Survival of Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Systematic Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Pooled it
- Rapid Reduction of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with an Oral Topical Composition Comprising Olive Oil, Trimethylglycine and Xylitol: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- ROCK2 regulates a stress-responsive transcriptional state and calcium signaling in renal cell carcinoma.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Prophylactic administration of probiotic strains Weizmannia coagulans and Saccharomyces boulardii attenuates early dysplastic changes in an AOM/DSS-induced mouse model.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- TNFR1 expression on cancer cells mediates immune escape and an immunosuppressive microenvironment.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Peptidoglycan Suppresses Melanoma Growth in a Murine Model with Local Immune Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Conserved Epithelial Remodeling Programs Underlie Pediatric Juvenile Colorectal Polyps Associated with Allergic Sensitization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Proteomic signatures identify significantly different inflammatory breast tissue microenvironments depending on mammographic density or estrogen exposure.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Obesity-driven adipokine signaling in breast cancer: mechanistic insights, therapeutic challenges, and opportunities for precision oncology.Journal of pathology and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Single-Dose TACE-Like Injection of Sustained-Release Panobinostat/IL-12 Polymeric Microparticles is Effective in Preclinical Liver Cancer Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Study on the Expression Level of CAVIN3 Gene and the Prognosis of Radiotherapy in Patients with Cervical Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- The anti-tumour activity of TNF in melanoma is determined by cFLIP.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Expanding High-Fidelity Multiplexing in Ultrasensitive Single-Molecule Protein Detection via Proximity Barcoding.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Depression: From Biomarkers to Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Streptococcus anginosus activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to promote inflammatory responses from macrophages.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Macrophages in lung cancer: principal factors, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities: a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
936 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a major inflammatory cytokine that was first identified for its ability to induce rapid haemorrhagic necrosis of experimental cancers. When efforts to harness this anti-tumour activity in cancer treatments were underway, a paradoxical tumour-promoting role of TNF became apparent. Now that links between inflammation and cancer are appreciated, is TNF a target or a therapeutic in malignant disease -- or both?
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.