ArticlePloS one2009
TGF-beta is required for vascular barrier function, endothelial survival and homeostasis of the adult microvasculature.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging markers and circulating biomarkers for predicting hemorrhage from cerebral cavernous malformations: A systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Laminin as a Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption under Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Association between diabetic retinopathy and polymorphisms of cytokine genes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- The Role of Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23, and Transforming Growth Factor-BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Cellular and signalling mechanisms that regulate the blood-brain barrier.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- TM4SF1-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugates Selectively Destroy Newly Formed Blood Vessels Induced by VEGF-A.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pericytes are organ-specific regulators of tissue morphogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- IL-6R blockade with tocilizumab disrupts pericyte- and tumor cell-driven IL-6/STAT3 signaling, enhancing docetaxel efficacy in ER+ breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exploring retinal microglia: development, degeneration, and iPSC-derived model systems.Brain structure & function · 2026Review
- Pericytes as key mediators of microenvironmental signaling crosstalk: implications in vascular diseases and cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Illuminating photoreceptors: TGFβ signaling modulates the severeness of retinal degeneration.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Tissue origin of endothelial cells determines immune system modulation and regulation of HIF-1α-, TGF-β-, and VEGF signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- The role of placental hormones and metabolites in modulating uterine circulation in physiological and pathological pregnancies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Collagen I Microfiber Promotes Brain Capillary Network Formation in Three-Dimensional Blood-Brain Barrier Microphysiological Systems.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Maternal Microvascular Dysfunction During and After Preeclamptic Pregnancy.Comprehensive Physiology · 2024Review
- An Association between HTRA1 and TGF-βJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- TGF-β Signaling Pathways in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- TGF-β blockade drives a transitional effector phenotype in T cells reversing SIV latency and decreasing SIV reservoirs in vivo.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Vascular endothelial growth factor A: friend or foe in the pathogenesis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pericyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions are critical to both vascular development and vessel stability. We have previously shown that TGF-beta signaling between EC and mural cells participates in vessel stabilization in vitro. We therefore investigated the role of TGF-beta signaling in maintaining microvessel structure and function in the adult mouse retinal microvasculature. TGF-beta signaling was inhibited by systemic expression of soluble endoglin (sEng) and inhibition was demonstrated by reduced phospho-smad2 in the adult retina. Blockade of TGF-beta signaling led to increased vascular and neural cell apoptosis in the retina, which was associated with decreased retinal function, as measured by electroretinogram (ERG). Perfusion of the inner retinal vasculature was impaired and was accompanied by defective autoregulation and loss of capillary integrity. Fundus angiography and Evans blue permeability assay revealed a breakdown of the blood-retinal-barrier that was characterized by decreased association between the tight junction proteins zo-1 and occludin. Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling in cocultures of EC and 10T1/2 cells corroborated the in vivo findings, with impaired EC barrier function, dissociation of EC from 10T1/2 cells, and endothelial cell death, supporting the role of EC-mesenchymal interactions in TGF-beta signaling. These results implicate constitutive TGF-beta signaling in maintaining the integrity and function of the adult microvasculature and shed light on the potential role of TGF-beta signaling in vasoproliferative and vascular degenerative retinal diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.