ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2009
Neural control of unloaded leg posture and of leg swing in stick insect, cockroach, and mouse differs from that in larger animals.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibitory circuits control leg movements duringeLife · 2026Article
- Rhythm generation, robustness, and control in stick insect locomotion: modeling and analysis.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2025Article
- Inhibitory circuits control leg movements duringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Passive muscle forces inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Context-dependent coordination of movement in Tribolium castaneum larvae.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- Presynaptic inhibition selectively suppresses leg proprioception in behavingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Phase shift between joint rotation and actuation reflects dominant forces and predicts muscle activation patterns.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Analyzing Modeled Torque Profiles to Understand Scale-Dependent Active Muscle Responses in the Hip Joint.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A cross-species neural integration of gravity for motor optimization.Science advances · 2021Article
- Neuromodulation Can Be Simple: Myoinhibitory Peptide, Contained in Dedicated Regulatory Pathways, Is the Only Neurally-Mediated Peptide Modulator of Stick Insect Leg Muscle.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- The Effects of Mechanical Scale on Neural Control and the Regulation of Joint Stability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Smooth Transition From Many-Legged to Bipedal Locomotion-Gradual Leg Force Reduction and its Impact on Total Ground Reaction Forces, Body Dynamics and Gait Transitions.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Generation of Direct-, Retrograde-, and Source-Wave Gaits in Multi-Legged Locomotion in a Decentralized Manner via Embodied Sensorimotor Interaction.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2021Article
- A Whole-Body Musculoskeletal Model of the Mouse.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2021Article
- The roles of ascending sensory signals and top-down central control in the entrainment of a locomotor CPG.Biological cybernetics · 2020Article
- Scaling of inertial delays in terrestrial mammals.PloS one · 2020Article
- Evaluation of linear and non-linear activation dynamics models for insect muscle.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Soft-surface grasping: radular opening inThe Journal of experimental biology · 2019Article
- Leg force interference in polypedal locomotion.Science advances · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Stick insect (Carausius morosus) leg muscles contract and relax slowly. Control of stick insect leg posture and movement could therefore differ from that in animals with faster muscles. Consistent with this possibility, stick insect legs maintained constant posture without leg motor nerve activity when the animals were rotated in air. That unloaded leg posture was an intrinsic property of the legs was confirmed by showing that isolated legs had constant, gravity-independent postures. Muscle ablation experiments, experiments showing that leg muscle passive forces were large compared with gravitational forces, and experiments showing that, at the rest postures, agonist and antagonist muscles generated equal forces indicated that these postures depended in part on leg muscles. Leg muscle recordings showed that stick insect swing motor neurons fired throughout the entirety of swing. To test whether these results were specific to stick insect, we repeated some of these experiments in cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and mouse. Isolated cockroach legs also had gravity-independent rest positions and mouse swing motor neurons also fired throughout the entirety of swing. These data differ from those in human and horse but not cat. These size-dependent variations in whether legs have constant, gravity-independent postures, in whether swing motor neurons fire throughout the entirety of swing, and calculations of how quickly passive muscle force would slow limb movement as limb size varies suggest that these differences may be caused by scaling. Limb size may thus be as great a determinant as phylogenetic position of unloaded limb motor control strategy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.