ArticleCellular immunology2009
IL-2 and antigen dose differentially regulate perforin- and FasL-mediated cytolytic activity in antigen specific CD4+ T cells.
Article in Cellular immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza vaccine-mediated protection in older adults: Impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage.Experimental gerontology · 2018Trial
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immunosuppression: Two sides of the same coin.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Cytomegalovirus Drives the Development of Cytotoxic CD4Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A distinct subset of stem-cell memory is poised for the cytotoxicity program in CD4Science advances · 2026Article
- CD73 activity controls cytotoxic CD4 T-cell response driving myocardial pathology in chronic Chagas disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in cancer: an emerging target for next-generation anticancer immunotherapy?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Human tolerogenic dendritic cell subtypes exert divergent effects on induction of cytotoxic CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD4Trends in cancer · 2024Review
- Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells Are Induced during Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Review
- CTLs heterogeneity and plasticity: implications for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Interleukin-2 signaling in the regulation of T cell biology in autoimmunity and cancer.Immunity · 2024Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment permissive to metastatic progression of ING4-deficient breast cancer.PloS one · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of the CoronaVac vaccine in children: a real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Single-Cell Analysis Identifies Distinct Populations of Cytotoxic CD4Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Does the expression of granzyme B participate in inflammation, fibrosis, and fertility of hydatid cysts?Parasitology research · 2023Article
- The role of CD4MedComm · 2023Review
- Senescent T cells: Beneficial and detrimental roles.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4 T cell effectors can promote survival against lethal influenza virus via perforin mediated cytolytic mechanisms; however, our understanding of how naïve CD4 cells differentiate into class II restricted killers remains obscure. To address this, TCR Tg CD4 cells were activated in vitro and examined for their ability to lyse target cells. We found that cytokine polarized CD4 T cell effectors displayed cytolytic activity with the hierarchy Th0>Th1>Th2. Further, IL-4 inhibited the generation of cytotoxic CD4 cells. LPS stimulated B cells and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) both induced potent cytolytic activity; however, IL-6, TGF-beta, IL-10, IL-12 or TNF-alpha were not required for inducing cytolytic activity in CD4 effectors. Antigen dose had a marked effect on cytotoxicity: low concentrations of peptide induced more potent cytolytic activity than relatively high concentrations. At low peptide concentration, exogenous IL-2 was necessary to drive granzyme B (GrB) expression and perforin mediated lysis. Thus, low antigen dose and early activation signals via IL-2 direct the CD4 T cell response toward effectors with perforin mediated cytolytic potential. These data have implications for the design of vaccines that may induce cytolytic CD4 cells in vivo and improve cell-mediated immunity to viral and bacterial infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.