ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2009
Clinical review: The extrapancreatic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and related peptides.
Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antidiabetic drugs in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis on efficacy and safety with trial sequential analysis and GRADE evaluation.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg in Patients with Overweight and Obese with or without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Antidiabetic Agents for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Effect of Incretin-Based Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of Glycemic Control on Chylomicron Metabolism and Correlation between Postprandial Metabolism of Plasma Glucose and Chylomicron in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Basal-bolus Insulin Therapy with or without Vildagliptin.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2017Trial
- Short-term combined treatment with liraglutide and metformin leads to significant weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and previous poor response to metformin.European journal of endocrinology · 2014 · on this mapTrial
- The glucoregulatory benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide infusion during intensive insulin therapy in critically ill surgical patients: a pilot study.Critical care medicine · 2014Trial
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics at the Crossroads: Pharmacological, Genetic, and Digital Frontiers.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a Community Pharmacist-Led Intervention Program for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Multicenter, Non-Randomized Comparative Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-associated gastrointestinal symptoms using the prescription claims database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Single-Administration Self-Boosting Microneedle Patch for The Treatment of Obesity.Advanced therapeutics · 2024Article
- GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36) is a systemic inhibitor of mouse and human pancreatic islet glucagon secretion.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- The intestine as an endocrine organ and the role of gut hormones in metabolic regulation.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Acts as Signaling Mediator to Modulate Human Sperm Performance via Targeting Akt, JNK and IRS-1 Cell Signaling Cascades: Novel Insights into Sperm Physiopathology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Changes in Eating Behaviors and Their Associations with Weight Loss in Japanese Patients Who Underwent Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Incretin-induced changes in the transcriptome of skeletal muscles of fa/fa Zucker rat (ZFR) with obesity, without diabetes.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Semaglutide Improves Eating Behavior and Glycemic Control in Japanese Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Decreased expression of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist tirzepatide: a novel cardiometabolic therapeutic prospect.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2021Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 7-36 amide, an insulinotropic hormone released from the intestinal L cells in response to nutrient ingestion, has been extensively reviewed with respect to beta-cell function. However GLP-1 receptors are abundant in many other tissues. Thus, the function of GLP-1 is not limited to the islet cells, and it has regulatory actions on many other organs. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A review of published, peer-reviewed medical literature (1987 to September 2008) on the extrapancreatic actions of GLP-1 was performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The extrapancreatic actions of GLP-1 include inhibition of gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion, thereby fulfilling the definition of GLP-1 as an enterogastrone. Other important extrapancreatic actions of GLP-1 include a regulatory role in hepatic glucose production, the inhibition of pancreatic exocrine secretion, cardioprotective and cardiotropic effects, the regulation of appetite and satiety, and stimulation of afferent sensory nerves. The primary metabolite of GLP-1, GLP-1 (9-36) amide, or GLP-1m, is the truncated product of degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4. GLP-1m has insulinomimetic effects on hepatic glucose production and cardiac function. Exendin-4 present in the salivary gland of the reptile, Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum), is a high-affinity agonist for the mammalian GLP-1 receptor. It is resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and therefore has a prolonged half-life.
conclusionGLP-1 and its metabolite have important extrapancreatic effects particularly with regard to the cardiovascular system and insulinomimetic effects with respect to glucose homeostasis. These effects may be particularly important in the obese state. GLP-1, GLP-1m, and exendin-4 therefore have potential therapeutic roles because of their diffuse extrapancreatic actions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.