ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2009
Prenatal and perinatal factors and risk of multiple sclerosis.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal diabetes as a prenatal risk factor for multiple sclerosis in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D in early life and later risk of multiple sclerosis-A systematic review, meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Parental smoking before childbirth and multiple sclerosis onset in their child: a case-control study.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Article
- The Effect of Smoking and Passive Exposure on Multiple Sclerosis and Correlation with IL17 & IL23 Levels.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2025Article
- Childhood and adolescence factors and multiple sclerosis: results from the German National Cohort (NAKO).BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Causal effects of time-varying body size on selected autoimmune disorders: a life course Mendelian randomisation study.RMD open · 2023Observational
- Environmental Influences on Risk and Disease Course in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.Seminars in pediatric neurology · 2023Article
- Birthweight and subsequent risk for thyroid and autoimmune conditions in postmenopausal women.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2022Article
- Prenatal Stress Impairs Spinal Cord Oligodendrocyte Maturation via BDNF Signaling in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Pregnancy-Related Immune Changes and Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Review
- Why monkeys do not get multiple sclerosis (spontaneously): An evolutionary approach.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2018Review
- A Review of the Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Cognitive Function and Mental Health of the Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of multiple sclerosis: A population-based case-control study.Neurology · 2017Article
- The 2D:4D ratio, a proxy for prenatal androgen levels, differs in men with and without MS.Neurology · 2015Article
- Elevated concentration of C-reactive protein is associated with pregnancy-related co-morbidities but not with relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2015Article
- Environmental factors acting during development to influence MS risk: insights from animal studies.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2013Review
- Childhood body mass index and multiple sclerosis risk: a long-term cohort study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2013Article
- Early life factors and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2013Article
- Article
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6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundA potential role of prenatal and perinatal exposures in autoimmunity has been hypothesized, but few studies have examined the relation between various prenatal and perinatal factors and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsThe study population included participants in the Nurses' Health Studies--2 prospective cohorts that together comprise 238,381 female nurses, who self-reported exposure to prenatal and perinatal factors. In addition, 35,815 nurses' mothers participated by providing detailed information regarding experiences surrounding their daughter's birth. The following prenatal and perinatal factors were studied in relation to MS: fetal growth, birth season, preterm birth, mode of delivery, maternal weight gain, medical conditions, medication use, diethylstilbestrol exposure, prenatal health care, maternal activity level, maternal obstetric history, parental age, and prenatal and childhood passive smoke exposure.
resultsThe sample included 723 confirmed MS cases, including 383 with diagnosis after reporting prenatal and perinatal factors. Few associations were observed. These included an increased risk among women whose mothers reported late initiation of prenatal care (after the first trimester) (27 cases; rate ratio = 1.6 [95% confidence interval = 1.0-2.4]), diabetes during pregnancy (2 cases; 10 [2.5-42]), and maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity (20 cases; 1.7 [1.0-2.7]). Results also suggested a possible increase in incident MS risk among women with prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure (9 cases; 1.8 [0.93-3.5]).
conclusionsThis study provides modest support for a role of prenatal factors in MS risk. The results should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited statistical power, potential for exposure misclassification, and possibility of chance findings.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.