ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2009
Self-antigen-specific CD8+ T cell precursor frequency determines the quality of the antitumor immune response.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation of cellular immunity with human papillomavirus 16 status and outcome in patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer.Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery · 2010Trial
- Computational identification of antigen-specific T cell groups through generative epitope modeling.iScience · 2026Article
- The immunology of vitiligo.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Predicting Durable Anti-tumor Immune Responses after Cancer Vaccines.Journal of cancer immunology · 2026Article
- Antigen-specific T Cell precursor frequency influences the proliferation of stem-like T Cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes and anti-tumor immune responses.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Nodal Expansion, Tumor Infiltration and Exhaustion of Neoepitope-Specific Th Cells After Prophylactic Peptide Vaccination and Anti-CTLA4 Therapy in Mouse Melanoma B16.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in the Context of Aortic Valve Diseases.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2024Review
- Magnitude of antigen-specific T-cell immunity the month after completing vaccination series predicts the development of long-term persistence of antitumor immune response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- APR-246 increases tumor antigenicity independent of p53.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Liquid nitrogen frozen cells for chemotherapy drug delivery and vaccination of melanoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- Constant regulation for stable CD8 T-cell functional avidity and its possible implications for cancer immunotherapy.European journal of immunology · 2021Review
- Targeting Phosphatidylserine Enhances the Anti-tumor Response to Tumor-Directed Radiation Therapy in a Preclinical Model of Melanoma.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Biomaterials to enhance antigen-specific T cell expansion for cancer immunotherapy.Biomaterials · 2021Review
- Adaptive Nanoparticle Platforms for High Throughput Expansion and Detection of Antigen-Specific T cells.Nano letters · 2020Article
- To Remember or to Forget: The Role of Good and Bad Memories in Adoptive T Cell Therapy for Tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Robust Iterative Stimulation with Self-Antigens Overcomes CD8Cell reports · 2019Article
- Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy enhances the frequency and effector function of murine tumor-infiltrating T cells but does not alter TCRβ diversity.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2019Article
- Pulling RANK on Cancer: Blocking Aire-Mediated Central Tolerance to Enhance Immunotherapy.Cancer immunology research · 2019Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A primary goal of cancer immunotherapy is to improve the naturally occurring, but weak, immune response to tumors. Ineffective responses to cancer vaccines may be caused, in part, by low numbers of self-reactive lymphocytes surviving negative selection. Here, we estimated the frequency of CD8(+) T cells recognizing a self-antigen to be <0.0001% ( approximately 1 in 1 million CD8(+) T cells), which is so low as to preclude a strong immune response in some mice. Supplementing this repertoire with naive antigen-specific cells increased vaccine-elicited tumor immunity and autoimmunity, but a threshold was reached whereby the transfer of increased numbers of antigen-specific cells impaired functional benefit, most likely because of intraclonal competition in the irradiated host. We show that cells primed at precursor frequencies below this competitive threshold proliferate more, acquire polyfunctionality, and eradicate tumors more effectively. This work demonstrates the functional relevance of CD8(+) T cell precursor frequency to tumor immunity and autoimmunity. Transferring optimized numbers of naive tumor-specific T cells, followed by in vivo activation, is a new approach that can be applied to human cancer immunotherapy. Further, precursor frequency as an isolated variable can be exploited to augment efficacy of clinical vaccine strategies designed to activate any antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.