ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2009
Attenuation of kindled seizures by intranasal delivery of neuropeptide-loaded nanoparticles.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intranasal versus intravenous AAV delivery: A comparative analysis of brain-targeting efficiency and peripheral exposure in mice.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Design of Experiments (DoE)-Optimized Polymeric Oxytocin Nanoparticles for Enhanced Nose-to-Brain Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nasal Residence Depending on the Administered Dosage Form: Impact of Formulation Type on the In Vivo Nasal Retention Time of Drugs in Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Changes in the Dentate Gyrus Gene Expression Profile Induced by Levetiracetam Treatment in Rats with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Paclitaxel Delivery to the Brain for Glioblastoma Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- New Efforts to Demonstrate the Successful Use of TRH as a Therapeutic Agent.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Valuable Tools for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Biological Drugs.Cells · 2023Review
- Translational Considerations in the Development of Intranasal Treatments for Epilepsy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Using nanotechnology to deliver biomolecules from nose to brain - peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies and RNA.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Article
- Nanotherapeutics for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: An Approach to Bypass the Blood Brain Barrier.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Brain Diseases Diagnosis, Therapy and Theranostics.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Epilepsy Disease and Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Polymeric Nanoparticles: An Overview.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Intranasal application of PACAP and β-cyclodextrin before the "critical period of proestrous stage" can block ovulation.Biologia futura · 2019Article
- Intravenous and Intratracheal Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone and Its Analog Taltirelin Reverse Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in Isoflurane Anesthetized Rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2018Article
- Surface-Modified Nanocarriers for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: From Bioadhesion to Targeting.Pharmaceutics · 2018Review
- TRH Analog, Taltirelin Protects Dopaminergic Neurons From Neurotoxicity of MPTP and Rotenone.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Intranasal delivery of N-terminal modified leptin-pluronic conjugate for treatment of obesity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2017Article
- Neuropeptides as targets for the development of anticonvulsant drugs.Molecular neurobiology · 2014Review
- Persistent nociception induces anxiety-like behavior in rodents: role of endogenous neuropeptide S.Pain · 2014Article
- Enhanced brain delivery of lamotrigine with Pluronic(®) P123-based nanocarrier.International journal of nanomedicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; Protirelin), an endogenous neuropeptide, is known to have anticonvulsant effects in animal seizure models and certain intractable epileptic patients. Its duration of action, however, is limited by rapid tissue metabolism and the blood-brain barrier. Direct nose-to-brain delivery of neuropeptides in sustained-release biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising mode of therapy for enhancing CNS neuropeptide bioavailability. To provide proof of principle for this delivery approach, we used the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy to show that 1) TRH-loaded copolymer microdisks implanted in a seizure focus can attenuate kindling development in terms of behavioral stage, afterdischarge duration (ADD), and clonus duration; 2) intranasal administration of an unprotected TRH analog can acutely suppress fully kindled seizures in a concentration-dependent manner in terms of ADD and seizure stage; and 3) intranasal administration of polylactide nanoparticles (PLA-NPs) containing TRH (TRH-NPs) can impede kindling development in terms of behavioral stage, ADD, and clonus duration. Additionally, we used intranasal delivery of fluorescent dye-loaded PLA-NPs in rats and application of dye-loaded or dye-attached NPs to cortical neurons in culture to demonstrate NP uptake and distribution over time in vivo and in vitro respectively. Also, a nanoparticle immunostaining method was developed as a procedure for directly visualizing the tissue level and distribution of neuropeptide-loaded nanoparticles. Collectively, the data provide proof of concept for intranasal delivery of TRH-NPs as a viable means to 1) suppress seizures and perhaps epileptogenesis and 2) become the lead compound for intranasal anticonvulsant nanoparticle therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.