ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2009
Infection by tubercular mycobacteria is spread by nonlytic ejection from their amoeba hosts.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mycobacterial surface-mediated mechanical priming initiates spacious to compact phagosome switching for egress.iScience · 2026Article
- Loading is not delivering: Intracellular drug retention and migration capacity govern macrophage-based drug delivery.Science advances · 2026Article
- Membrane microdomains are crucial forScience advances · 2026Article
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- Diverse Roles of the Multiple Phosphodiesterases in the Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling inCells · 2025Review
- Symbiotic T6SS affects horizontal transmission ofISME communications · 2025Article
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- Exploring host-pathogen interactions in the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model of tuberculosis.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Review
- Temporal genome-wide fitness analysis ofmSystems · 2024Article
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- Physicochemical properties of intact fungal cell wall determine vesicles release and nanoparticles internalization.Heliyon · 2023Article
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- Bet-hedging antimicrobial strategies in macrophage phagosome acidification drive the dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular escape mechanisms.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
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- Macrophages in Microbial Pathogenesis: Commonalities of Defense Evasion Mechanisms.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Article
- The source and fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in wastewater and possible routes of transmission.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Review
- Dinoflagellate symbionts escape vomocytosis by host cell immune suppression.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To generate efficient vaccines and cures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we need a far better understanding of its modes of infection, persistence, and spreading. Host cell entry and the establishment of a replication niche are well understood, but little is known about how tubercular mycobacteria exit host cells and disseminate the infection. Using the social amoeba Dictyostelium as a genetically tractable host for pathogenic mycobacteria, we discovered that M. tuberculosis and M. marinum, but not M. avium, are ejected from the cell through an actin-based structure, the ejectosome. This conserved nonlytic spreading mechanism requires a cytoskeleton regulator from the host and an intact mycobacterial ESX-1 secretion system. This insight offers new directions for research into the spreading of tubercular mycobacteria infections in mammalian cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.