ReviewPharmacological reviews2009
Endogenous cardiotonic steroids: physiology, pharmacology, and novel therapeutic targets.
Review in Pharmacological reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 270 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
270 citing papers in PubMed, 535 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Chronic Administration of Marinobufagenin in Mice Causes Hyperlocomotion and Decrease in Anxiety by Altering Monoamine Turnover Unaccompanied by Motor Deficits or Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Steroid hormone ouabain cooperates with NaActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- From Stress to Neurodegeneration: A New Look at the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
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- Circulating Biomarkers in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure: A Real-Life Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic kidney disease and cardiac remodeling potentiate cognitive impairment progression: disentangling the sex-specific cross talk of kidney-heart-brain axis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Bufalin-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Kidney Epithelial Cells.Cell biology international · 2025Article
- A bufalin and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-loaded calcium lactate nanomedicine for pyroptosis/apoptosis and synergistic cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Illuminating High-Affinity ATP Binding to the Sodium-Potassium Pump Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cytochrome c and Ouabain Binding Site of Na,K-ATPase.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Cardiac Glycosides: From Natural Defense Molecules to Emerging Therapeutic Agents.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Ouabain increases neuronal differentiation of hippocampal neural precursor cells.Current research in neurobiology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the role of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump: neurodegenerative mechanisms and therapeutic horizons.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of ouabain against congenital Zika syndrome model.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Beta-amyloid influences the content and trafficking of beta-amyloid precursor protein via Na,K-ATPase-Src kinase positive feedback loop.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
210 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous cardiotonic steroids (CTS), also called digitalis-like factors, have been postulated to play important roles in health and disease for nearly half a century. Recent discoveries, which include the specific identification of endogenous cardenolide (endogenous ouabain) and bufadienolide (marinobufagenin) CTS in humans along with the delineation of an alternative mechanism by which CTS can signal through the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, have increased the interest in this field substantially. Although CTS were first considered important in the regulation of renal sodium transport and arterial pressure, more recent work implicates these hormones in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, the modulation of immunity and of carbohydrate metabolism, and the control of various central nervous functions and even behavior. This review focuses on the physiological interactions between CTS and other regulatory systems that may be important in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension, preeclampsia, end-stage renal disease, congestive heart failure, and diabetes mellitus. Based on our increasing understanding of the regulation of CTS as well as the molecular mechanisms of these hormone increases, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.