ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2009
Implications of vaccination and waning immunity.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunogenicity and persistence of trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Buccopharyngeal route administered high polyphenolic olive oil and COVID-19: A pilot clinical trial.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Trial
- Uncertainty and inconsistency of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical intervention effects with multiple competitive statistical models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bistability and complex bifurcation diagrams generated by waning and boosting of immunity.Journal of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Population Immunity After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria: Analysis of National Wastewater Data.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of exposure frequency on disease burden of the common cold - A mathematical modeling perspective.PloS one · 2025Article
- Optimal vaccination policy to prevent endemicity: a stochastic model.Journal of mathematical biology · 2024Article
- Assessing vaccine efficacy for infectious diseases with variable immunity using a mathematical model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Epidemiology: Gray immunity model gives qualitatively different predictions.Journal of biosciences · 2024Article
- Improving estimates of waning immunity rates in stochastic SIRS models with a hierarchical framework.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2023Article
- Duration of humoral immunity from smallpox vaccination and its cross-reaction with Mpox virus.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Extending susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible epidemics to allow for gradual waning of immunity.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Coupled simultaneous analysis of vaccine and self-awareness strategies on evolutionary dilemma aspect with various immunity.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Article
- Challenges for modelling interventions for future pandemics.Epidemics · 2022Article
- Evaluating strategies for spatial allocation of vaccines based on risk and centrality.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
- Combining predictive models with future change scenarios can produce credible forecasts of COVID-19 futures.PloS one · 2022Article
- The Role of Risk Perception in Students' COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Longitudinal Study.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Article
- Exploring the COVID-19 vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants: where do we stand and where do we go?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For infectious diseases where immunization can offer lifelong protection, a variety of simple models can be used to explain the utility of vaccination as a control method. However, for many diseases, immunity wanes over time and is subsequently enhanced (boosted) by asymptomatic encounters with the infection. The study of this type of epidemiological process requires a model formulation that can capture both the within-host dynamics of the pathogen and immune system as well as the associated population-level transmission dynamics. Here, we parametrize such a model for measles and show how vaccination can have a range of unexpected consequences as it reduces the natural boosting of immunity as well as reducing the number of naive susceptibles. In particular, we show that moderate waning times (40-80 years) and high levels of vaccination (greater than 70%) can induce large-scale oscillations with substantial numbers of symptomatic cases being generated at the peak. In addition, we predict that, after a long disease-free period, the introduction of infection will lead to far larger epidemics than that predicted by standard models. These results have clear implications for the long-term success of any vaccination campaign and highlight the need for a sound understanding of the immunological mechanisms of immunity and vaccination.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.