Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2009
Male circumcision for the prevention of HSV-2 and HPV infections and syphilis.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 240 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trial of Male Circumcision: HIV, STD and Behavioral Effects in Men, Women and the Community
Randomized Trial of Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention, Rakai, Uganda
A Pilot Study to Introduce Male Circumcision (MC) Services to Prevent HIV Infection in Two High Prevalence Areas of the Dominican Republic (DR)
Evaluation of the ShangRing vs. Mogen Clamp for Early Infant Male Circumcision (EIMC) in Sub-Saharan Africa
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 517 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Impact of Sexual Activity on the Risk of Male Genital Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.The Lancet. Global health · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of HSV-2 infection on subsequent HIV acquisition: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Association between male circumcision and women's biomedical health outcomes: a systematic review.The Lancet. Global health · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions for men and women with their first episode of genital herpes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective.BMC women's health · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of male circumcision with risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2015Guideline
- Circumcision Status and Risk of HIV Acquisition during Heterosexual Intercourse for Both Males and Females: A Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Guideline
- Meta-analysis of single-session behavioral interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: implications for bundling prevention packages.American journal of public health · 2012Pooled it
- Prevalence of sexually transmitted co-infections in people living with HIV/AIDS: systematic review with implications for using HIV treatments for prevention.Sexually transmitted infections · 2011Pooled it
- Comparison of the penile microbiome in infant male circumcision: Mogen clamp versus Shangring.EBioMedicine · 2024Trial
- ShangRing versus Mogen clamp for early infant male circumcision in eastern sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre, non-inferiority, adaptive, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Trial
- Male Circumcision Reduces Penile HPV Incidence and Persistence: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Kenya.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Trial
- No-flip ShangRing circumcision in 10-12 year old boys: Results from randomized clinical trials in Kenya.PloS one · 2020Trial
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMale circumcision significantly reduced the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men in three clinical trials. We assessed the efficacy of male circumcision for the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and syphilis in HIV-negative adolescent boys and men.
methodsWe enrolled 5534 HIV-negative, uncircumcised male subjects between the ages of 15 and 49 years in two trials of male circumcision for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Of these subjects, 3393 (61.3%) were HSV-2-seronegative at enrollment. Of the seronegative subjects, 1684 had been randomly assigned to undergo immediate circumcision (intervention group) and 1709 to undergo circumcision after 24 months (control group). At baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months, we tested subjects for HSV-2 and HIV infection and syphilis, along with performing physical examinations and conducting interviews. In addition, we evaluated a subgroup of subjects for HPV infection at baseline and at 24 months.
resultsAt 24 months, the cumulative probability of HSV-2 seroconversion was 7.8% in the intervention group and 10.3% in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio in the intervention group, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 0.92; P=0.008). The prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes was 18.0% in the intervention group and 27.9% in the control group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.90; P=0.009). However, no significant difference between the two study groups was observed in the incidence of syphilis (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.65; P=0.44).
conclusionsIn addition to decreasing the incidence of HIV infection, male circumcision significantly reduced the incidence of HSV-2 infection and the prevalence of HPV infection, findings that underscore the potential public health benefits of the procedure. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00425984 and NCT00124878.)
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.