ReviewCNS drugs2009
Lithium: updated human knowledge using an evidence-based approach: Part I: Clinical efficacy in bipolar disorder.
Review in CNS drugs, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical evaluation of switching from immediate-release to prolonged-release lithium in bipolar patients, poorly tolerant to lithium immediate-release treatment: A randomized clinical trial.Brain and behavior · 2022Trial
- Lithium Therapeutic Functions: An Update on Pharmacokinetics, Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Machine learning for predicting medical outcomes associated with acute lithium poisoning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lithium-Associated Hypothyroidism in a Specialized Lithium Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Lithium-induced apoptotic cell death is not accompanied by a noticeable inflammatory response in the kidney.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetics Models of Lithium in the Bipolar Population.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Case of Lithium Encephalopathy with Therapeutic Lithium Levels: The Diagnostic Role of EEG.Case reports in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Chronic lithium toxicity: Considerations and systems analysis.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2020Article
- Structural variation in the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in Japanese patients with bipolar disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2020Article
- Phycoremediation of lithium ions from aqueous solutions using free and immobilized freshwater green alga Oocystis solitaria: mathematical modeling for bioprocess optimization.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response of Lithium Carbonate in Patients Based on Tubular Reabsorption Mechanisms.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2019Article
- An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in a Lifetime Perspective: Is Lithium Still the Best Choice?Clinical drug investigation · 2017Review
- Lithium in Bipolar Disorder: Optimizing Therapy Using Prolonged-Release Formulations.Drugs in R&D · 2016Review
- Effect of acute lithium administration on penile erection: involvement of nitric oxide system.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2016Article
- Does the "Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2016Article
- Exposure to Lithium and Cesium Through Drinking Water and Thyroid Function During Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2015Article
- An important role for cholecystokinin, a CLOCK target gene, in the development and treatment of manic-like behaviors.Molecular psychiatry · 2014Article
- Lithium alters the morphology of neurites regenerating from cultured adult spiral ganglion neurons.Hearing research · 2013Article
- Potential mechanisms of action of lithium in bipolar disorder. Current understanding.CNS drugs · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although there has been a decrease in lithium use over several years, it is still recommended as a first-line mood stabilizer in all recent guidelines. It has been argued that many studies of lithium were conducted at a time when study design, assessment standards and the diagnostic criteria for patient selection were not as established as they presently are. However, recent placebo-controlled data from three-arm trials have demonstrated a definite efficacy of lithium in bipolar disorder. Regarding mania, recent trials of novel antimanic treatments (such as second-generation antipsychotics) that have included both placebo and lithium control groups have confirmed that lithium is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes. The efficacy of lithium as monotherapy for acute bipolar depression is still controversial, but this therapy is recognized as a therapeutic option. For maintenance therapy, lithium is superior to placebo for the prevention of relapse or recurrence of mood episodes in bipolar I disorder patients with recent manic or hypomanic episodes. Lithium is more effective in preventing episodes of the manic/hypomanic type, including mixed episodes, than preventing depressive episodes. In rapid cycling patients, lithium improves clinical symptoms as efficiently as in nonrapid cycling persons, but is not likely to prevent recurrences. Finally, data from a number of studies suggest that lithium reduces the high suicide rates associated with mood disorders. A well designed cohort study and two independent meta-analyses are in agreement with this finding. In conclusion, most experts, and the most recent guidelines, continue to consider lithium as a keystone therapy of bipolar disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.