ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2009
Antiviral immune responses: triggers of or triggered by autoimmunity?
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 235 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
235 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 471 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancer patients with autoimmune disease: A meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Association between Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination and risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the sero-epidemiological association between Epstein-Barr virus and systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2014Pooled it
- TAK-101 Nanoparticles Induce Gluten-Specific Tolerance in Celiac Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.Gastroenterology · 2021Trial
- Molecular mimicry between Anoctamin 2 and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 associates with multiple sclerosis risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Trial
- Triggering of the dsRNA sensors TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I induces CD55 expression in synovial fibroblasts.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Functional characterization of viral transcriptional regulators reveals extensive rewiring of host pathways.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Myocardial immune vulnerability unmasked after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Non-canonical clonal expansion of autoreactive CD8Cell insight · 2026Article
- Molecular mimicry revisited: novel perspectives on autoimmune disease initiation and progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Recurrent hemoptysis after laryngectomy-acquired hemophilia induced by laryngeal cancer surgery and chemoradiotherapy: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Vientovirus capsid protein mimics autoantigens and contributes to autoimmunity in Sjögren's disease.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- The Integrated Cellular and Molecular Landscape of Autoimmunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fish TOLLIP manipulates ATG5 for autophagic degradation of STING to attenuate antiviral interferon responses.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Pediatric autoimmune diseases in the light of COVID-19 pandemic, A retrospective observational big data study.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Toxoplasma gondii, suicidal behaviour and suicide risk factors in US Veterans enrolled in mental health treatment.Folia parasitologica · 2025Article
- Endocrine polyautoimmunity: Mechanistic insights and the future of AI-driven diagnostics.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Association of herpes simplex virus infection and vitiligo: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Diseases Following Environmental Disasters: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
175 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The predisposition of individuals to several common autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis, is genetically linked to certain human MHC class II molecules and other immune modulators. However, genetic predisposition is only one risk factor for the development of these diseases, and low concordance rates in monozygotic twins, as well as the geographical distribution of disease risk, suggest the involvement of environmental factors in the development of these diseases. Among these environmental factors, infections have been implicated in the onset and/or promotion of autoimmunity. In this Review, we outline the mechanisms by which viral infection can trigger autoimmune disease and describe the pathways by which infection and immune control of infectious disease might be dysregulated during autoimmunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.