ArticleCell proliferation2009
Silymarin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells.
Article in Cell proliferation, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Status of Herbal Medicines in Chronic Liver Disease Therapy: The Biological Effects, Molecular Targets and Future Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Pooled it
- Facile and cost-effective synthesis and characterization of hormone stabilized biocompatible gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hepatoprotective effects of carvacrol: molecular mechanisms and insights from pre-clinical Studies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Silymarin-Induced Apoptosis and Growth Inhibition in SPC212 Human Mesothelioma Cells.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in gastrointestinal cancer: Focus on signaling pathways and improvement strategies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Protective effects of silymarin in glioblastoma cancer cells through redox system regulation.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Formulation of silymarin surface modified vesicles: In vitro characterization to cell viability assessment.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Mitigation of intrahepatic cholestasis induced by 17α-ethinylestradiol via nanoformulation of Silybum marianum L.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Quality by Design in the Formulation of Lecithin/Chitosan Nanoparticles of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- Silymarin attenuates escitalopram (cipralex) induced pancreatic injury in adult male albino rats: a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical approach.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Article
- A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Silymarin inhibits the progression of Ehrlich solid tumor via targeting molecular pathways of cell death, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis in female mice.Molecular biology reports · 2022Article
- The Effects of Supplement Therapy on HCV-Related HCC: a Case Report of a Patient Who Had Undergone TACE for Six Times.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2021Article
- Changes in Glutathione Content in Liver Diseases: An Update.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Anti-cancer properties of specific Chinese herbal medicines for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.European journal of integrative medicine · 2020Review
- Review
- Silymarin suppresses HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell progression through downregulation of Slit-2/Robo-1 pathway.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2020Article
- The Influence of Lycopene, [6]-Gingerol, and Silymarin on the Apoptosis on U-118MG Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro Model.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Silymarin induces inhibition of growth and apoptosis through modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells.Oncology reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms involved in the growth inhibitory effect of silymarin, in humanhepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was utilized and the MTT assay was performed to study the antiproliferative effect of silymarin. Dual staining was undertaken for ethidium bromide/acridine orange, propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation studies were executed to confirm the presence of apoptosis. Cell-cycle analysis was revealed by flow cytometry and mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured by uptake of the mitochondrial-specific lipophilic cationic dye rhodamine 123. Western blotting analysis for cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, APAF-1, caspase-3, survivin, beta-catenin, cyclin D1, c-Myc and PCNA was carried out.
resultsSilymarin inhibited population growth of the hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased after treatment with 50 and 75 microg/ml silymarin for 24 h. Silymarin treatment increased the proportion of cells with reduced DNA content (sub-G(0)/G(1) or A(0) peak), indicative of apoptosis with loss of cells in the G(1) phase. Silymarin also decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential of the cells, thereby increasing levels of cytosolic cytochrome c while up-regulating expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as p53, Bax, APAF-1 and caspase-3) with concomitant decrease in anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and survivin) and proliferation-associated proteins (beta-catenin, cyclin D1, c-Myc and PCNA).
conclusionsOur results demonstrate that silymarin treatment inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.