ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2009
The respiratory health of swimmers.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Chronic Physiological Effects of Swim Training Interventions in Non-Elite Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Pooled it
- Chlorinated pool air, airway mucosal immunity, and respiratory health in competitive swimmers: a mini review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lung Function Changes with Swim Training in Healthy and Allergic Endurance Athletes.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Determinants of pre-adolescent girls' sport performance in three-year swimming training.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Pulmonary function in swimmers exposed to disinfection by-products: a narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Determinants of lung function changes in athletic swimmers. A review.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Review
- Asthma, allergies and respiratory symptoms in different activity groups of swimmers exercising in swimming halls.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Article
- High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury (ALI): A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Review
- The Effect of Different Training Loads on the Lung Health of Competitive Youth Swimmers.International journal of exercise science · 2018Article
- Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea: Gold Standard for Diagnosing Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Review
- The World Anti-Doping Code: can you have asthma and still be an elite athlete?Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2016Review
- Medical Care for Swimmers.Sports medicine - open · 2015Review
- The impact of triathlon training and racing on athletes' general health.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Review
- Self-reported asthma and allergies in top athletes compared to the general population - results of the German part of the GA2LEN-Olympic study 2008.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2010Article
- Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) correlates with eosinophil cell counts in the induced sputum of elite swimmers.Porto biomedical journalArticle
- Evaluation of Global Health in Master Swimmers Involved in French National Championships.Sports medicine - openArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regular physical activity is recognized as an effective health promotion measure. Among various activities, swimming is preferred by a large portion of the population. Although swimming is generally beneficial to a person's overall health, recent data suggest that it may also sometimes have detrimental effects on the respiratory system. Chemicals resulting from the interaction between chlorine and organic matter may be irritating to the respiratory tract and induce upper and lower respiratory symptoms, particularly in children, lifeguards and high-level swimmers. The prevalence of atopy, rhinitis, asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness is increased in elite swimmers compared with the general population. This may be related to the airway epithelial damage and increased nasal and lung permeability caused by the exposure to chlorine subproducts in indoor swimming pools, in association with airway inflammatory and remodelling processes. Currently, the recommended management of swimmers' respiratory disorders is similar to that of the general population, apart from the specific rules for the use of medications in elite athletes. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms related to the development or worsening of respiratory disorders in recreational or competitive swimmers, to determine how we can optimize treatment and possibly help prevent the development of asthma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.