ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Transcriptional neoteny in the human brain.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 416 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aerobic glycolysis in the human brain is associated with development and neotenous gene expression.Cell metabolism · 2014Pooled it
- Olduvai Domains Downregulate Mitochondrial Pathways to Promote Human Brain Evolution and Neoteny.Research square · 2026Article
- A Role for Astrocyte Metabolism in Species-Specific Neuronal Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- LINE-1 Retrotransposons and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Positive selection on brain cis-regulatory elements in the human lineage drives changes in gene expression and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Integrative Analyses Identify a cGAS-STING Pathway-Driven Signature With Context-Dependent Roles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Metabolism Controls the Timing of Human Brain Development and Maturation.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- Cell type-agnostic transcriptomic signatures enable uniform comparisons of neural maturation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Investigating hierarchical critical periods in human neurodevelopment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Humans have a longer period of cortical maturation across depth and hierarchy than macaques.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Retrotransposon: an insight into neurological disorders from perspectives of neurodevelopment and aging.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Regulatory Plasticity of the Human Genome.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Persistent median artery: paedogenesis of the antebrachial arterial system in the human body.Anatomical science international · 2025Article
- Microglial PCGF1 alleviates neuroinflammation associated depressive behavior in adolescent mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Myelination across cortical hierarchies and depths in humans and macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The cost of language: functionally over-dominant language circuits in the human brain may limit cognitive abilities and non-verbal executive functions.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Multiomics analysis reveals signatures of selection and loci associated with complex traits in pigs.iMeta · 2024Article
- Train and Reprogram Your Brain: Effects of Physical Exercise at Different Stages of Life on Brain Functions Saved in Epigenetic Modifications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Deciphering the functional specialization of whole-brain spatiomolecular gradients in the adult brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Quantitative proteomics of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reveals an early pattern of synaptic dysmaturation in children with idiopathic autism.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In development, timing is of the utmost importance, and the timing of developmental processes often changes as organisms evolve. In human evolution, developmental retardation, or neoteny, has been proposed as a possible mechanism that contributed to the rise of many human-specific features, including an increase in brain size and the emergence of human-specific cognitive traits. We analyzed mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques to determine whether human-specific neotenic changes are present at the gene expression level. We show that the brain transcriptome is dramatically remodeled during postnatal development and that developmental changes in the human brain are indeed delayed relative to other primates. This delay is not uniform across the human transcriptome but affects a specific subset of genes that play a potential role in neural development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.