ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2009
Is the high virulence of HIV-1 an unfortunate coincidence of primate lentiviral evolution?
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Possible Acquisition and Molecular Evolution of vpu Genes Inferred from Comprehensive Sequence Analysis of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and determinants of reemerging bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and emerging STIs in Europe.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Review
- Loss of Nef-mediated CD3 down-regulation in the HIV-1 lineage increases viral infectivity and spread.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Species-specific host factors rather than virus-intrinsic virulence determine primate lentiviral pathogenicity.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Dissecting HIV Virulence: Heritability of Setpoint Viral Load, CD4+ T-Cell Decline, and Per-Parasite Pathogenicity.Molecular biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
- Impact of Genetic Variations in HIV-1 Tat on LTR-Mediated Transcription via TAR RNA Interaction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Primate Lentiviruses Modulate NF-κB Activity by Multiple Mechanisms to Fine-Tune Viral and Cellular Gene Expression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Ion Channel Activity of Vpu Proteins Is Conserved throughout Evolution of HIV-1 and SIV.Viruses · 2016Article
- The KT Jeang Retrovirology prize 2016: Frank Kirchhoff.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Short linear motifs - ex nihilo evolution of protein regulation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2015Review
- Cell Surface Proteomic Map of HIV Infection Reveals Antagonism of Amino Acid Metabolism by Vpu and Nef.Cell host & microbe · 2015Article
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Shares Features of Both Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Lentiviral Infections.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Lentiviral Nef proteins manipulate T cells in a subset-specific manner.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Pathogenic features associated with increased virulence upon Simian immunodeficiency virus cross-species transmission from natural hosts.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Acting locally: innate mucosal immunity in resistance to HIV-1 infection in Kenyan commercial sex workers.Mucosal immunology · 2014Article
- Feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins antagonize tetherin through a distinctive mechanism that requires virion incorporation.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Pandemic influenza viruses: time to recognize our inability to predict the unpredictable and stop dangerous gain-of-function experiments.EMBO molecular medicine · 2013Article
- Efficient Nef-mediated downmodulation of TCR-CD3 and CD28 is associated with high CD4+ T cell counts in viremic HIV-2 infection.Journal of virology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the subset of primate lentiviruses that contain a vpu gene - HIV-1 and its simian precursors - the Nef protein has lost the ability to down-modulate CD3, block T cell activation and suppress programmed death. Vpu counteracts a host restriction factor induced by the inflammatory cytokine interferon-alpha. I propose that the acquisition of vpu may have allowed the viral lineage that gave rise to HIV-1 to evolve towards greater pathogenicity by removing the selective pressure for a protective Nef function that prevents damagingly high levels of immune activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.